Jeg glæder mig til påsken i år.

Because at glæde sig til is a reflexive expression in Danish when it means to look forward to.

So the full pattern is:

• jeg glæder mig til = I look forward to
• du glæder dig til = you look forward to
• han/hun glæder sig til = he/she looks forward to

The reflexive pronoun changes with the subject:

• mig = myself
• dig = yourself
• sig = himself/herself/themselves
• os = ourselves
• jer = yourselves

So Jeg glæder mig til ... is the normal way to say I’m looking forward to ...

In glæde sig til, til is a fixed preposition. You should learn the whole phrase together:

• at glæde sig til noget = to look forward to something
• at glæde sig til at gøre noget = to look forward to doing something

Examples:

• Jeg glæder mig til ferien. = I’m looking forward to the vacation.
• Jeg glæder mig til at rejse. = I’m looking forward to traveling.

So in your sentence, til påsken goes with glæder mig as one unit.

Danish often uses the definite form for holidays in expressions like this.

• påske = Easter
• påsken = Easter / the Easter period

So til påsken is the normal way to say for Easter / to Easter / to the Easter holiday in this kind of sentence.

This is similar to:

• til jul = for Christmas
• til sommer = for summer
• til weekenden = for the weekend

Holiday expressions are not always perfectly parallel, so it is best to learn them as common phrases.

Because Danish usually puts definiteness at the end of the noun instead of using a separate article.

So:

• påske = Easter
• påsken = the Easter / Easter period

That -en ending is the definite marker.

This is very common in Danish:

• en bog = a book
• bogen = the book
• en bil = a car
• bilen = the car

So påsken already includes the idea of the.

Because Danish often uses the present tense to talk about future plans, expectations, or scheduled events, especially when the time is clear from context.

Here, i år makes the time clear, so present tense sounds natural:

• Jeg glæder mig til påsken i år.

This works much like English:

• I’m looking forward to Easter this year.

Other examples:

• Vi rejser i morgen. = We’re leaving tomorrow.
• Hun kommer næste uge. = She’s coming next week.

So the present tense does not always mean right now.

I år is a time expression meaning this year.

• i = in
• år = year

But together, i år is an idiomatic phrase meaning this year, not literally in year.

Compare:

• i dag = today
• i morgen = tomorrow
• i går = yesterday
• i år = this year

It usually comes after the main object or complement, as in your sentence, though it can also be moved for emphasis:

• Jeg glæder mig til påsken i år.
• I år glæder jeg mig til påsken.

Both are correct.

Yes. That is also correct.

Danish is a V2 language, which means the finite verb usually comes in the second position in main clauses.

So if you start with I år, the verb must come next:

• I år
  • glæder
    • jeg
      • mig til påsken

That gives:

• I år glæder jeg mig til påsken.

Both versions are natural, but the emphasis is slightly different:

• Jeg glæder mig til påsken i år. = neutral
• I år glæder jeg mig til påsken. = puts more emphasis on this year

A rough guide is something like GLEH-thuh or GLAI-thuh, depending on how precisely you hear the Danish sounds, but the exact pronunciation is difficult to match in English.

A few points:

• gl at the beginning is pronounced together
• æ is a front vowel somewhat like the vowel in cat, but not exactly
• d in glæder is usually soft, not a strong English d
• the final -er is a weak ending

If you are learning pronunciation, it is best to listen carefully to native audio, because Danish soft consonants and vowels often do not match English spelling expectations very well.

No. Glæde can be used in different ways.

1. Reflexive: glæde sig til
   = to look forward to

• Jeg glæder mig til ferien.

2. Non-reflexive: glæde nogen
   = to make someone happy / to please someone

• Det glæder mig. = That pleases me / I’m glad to hear that.
• Nyheden glædede hende. = The news made her happy.

So in your sentence, it must be reflexive because the meaning is look forward to.

Yes, but only if a verb follows.

Use:

• glæde sig til + noun
• glæde sig til at + verb

So:

• Jeg glæder mig til påsken. = correct
• Jeg glæder mig til at fejre påske. = correct

But not:

• Jeg glæder mig til at påsken. = incorrect

If the next idea is a thing or event, use just til + noun.
If the next idea is an action, use til at + infinitive.

In Danish, common nouns are not capitalized, even if they are holidays.

So:

• påsken = correct
• jul = Christmas
• sommer = summer

Danish capitalizes mainly:

• the first word of a sentence
• proper names, like Danmark, København, Peter

So unlike English, holiday names such as påske are normally written with a lowercase letter unless they begin the sentence.