Tæppet er blødt på gulvet.

Because Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun.

• et tæppe = a carpet / a rug
• tæppet = the carpet / the rug

So -et here is the definite ending for a neuter singular noun.

A useful pattern is:

• et gulv → gulvet
• et tæppe → tæppet

If an adjective comes before the noun, Danish normally uses a separate definite word too:

• det bløde tæppe = the soft carpet

But in your sentence, tæppet stands alone, so the ending is enough.

Because adjectives in Danish agree with the noun.

Since tæppe is a neuter noun, the adjective takes -t in the singular:

• en stol er blød = a chair is soft
• et tæppe er blødt = a carpet is soft

This happens not only before nouns, but also after er:

• et blødt tæppe
• tæppet er blødt

A quick overview:

• blød = common gender singular
• blødt = neuter singular
• bløde = plural or definite forms

Er is the present tense of at være, meaning to be.

The sentence uses er because it describes a state or quality:

• Tæppet er blødt = the carpet is soft

This is the same basic use as English is in sentences like:

• The table is heavy
• The room is warm

So er is simply the normal linking verb between the subject and the description.

På means on, and gulvet means the floor.

So:

• gulv = floor
• gulvet = the floor

Again, the definite article is attached to the noun:

• et gulv = a floor
• gulvet = the floor

So på gulvet literally works like on the floor.

Because Danish often expresses the as a suffix on the noun instead of as a separate word.

English:

• the floor

Danish:

• gulvet

This is one of the most important differences from English. The same thing happens with tæppet:

• the carpet = tæppet
• the floor = gulvet

So the sentence contains two definite nouns, both marked by endings rather than separate articles.

No, this is the basic Danish main-clause order:

• Tæppet = subject
• er = verb
• blødt = complement/adjective
• på gulvet = prepositional phrase

So the structure is basically:

subject + verb + description + location

That is very normal in Danish.

Danish does have the verb-second rule in main clauses, so if you move another element to the front, the verb still stays in second position:

• På gulvet er tæppet blødt

That version is more marked, but grammatically it follows the same rule.

In practice, it will usually be understood as giving the location of the carpet: the carpet is on the floor.

But the sentence is a little awkward out of context, because English and Danish speakers might wonder exactly what is being emphasized.

Depending on what you mean, Danish might more naturally say:

• Tæppet på gulvet er blødt = the carpet on the floor is soft
• Tæppet er blødt at gå på = the carpet is soft to walk on

So your sentence is understandable, but learners should know that real-life Danish might often phrase this idea a bit differently.

The ø sound does not exist in normal English, so it often feels difficult at first.

A rough guide:

• ø is similar to the vowel in French peu or German ö
• Say something like eh or uh, but with your lips rounded

For the whole word blødt, English speakers often find the ending tricky too. The written d in Danish is often much softer than an English d, and sometimes it is barely heard as a full stop sound.

So it is best to learn the word by listening rather than trusting the spelling.

Yes. Tæppe can refer to a rug, carpet, or sometimes a blanket, depending on context.

If you want to be more specific, Danish can use longer words such as:

• gulvtæppe = floor carpet / rug
• slumretæppe or other context-specific words = blanket-type meanings

In your sentence, because of på gulvet, the floor-related meaning is the natural one.