Boganmeldelsen beskriver hovedpersonen.

Because Danish, like English, often forms compound nouns, but Danish does this even more consistently.
Boganmeldelsen is built from:

• bog = book
• anmeldelse = review

So boganmeldelse means book review.

Then Danish adds the definite ending to the whole noun:

• boganmeldelse = a book review
• boganmeldelsen = the book review

So instead of writing something like book review as two words, Danish normally makes it one word: boganmeldelse.

It marks the noun as definite: the book review.

A very common feature of Danish is that the is often attached to the end of the noun instead of appearing as a separate word in front.

Compare:

• en boganmeldelse = a book review
• boganmeldelsen = the book review

This is one of the first big differences English speakers notice in Danish.

Because Danish usually expresses definiteness with a suffix on the noun.

So where English says:

• the book review

Danish often says:

• boganmeldelsen

The ending already contains the idea of the, so you do not normally add a separate article as well.

Beskriver is the present tense form of beskrive = to describe.

In Danish, the present tense is often made by adding -r:

• at beskrive = to describe
• beskriver = describes / is describing

So:

• Boganmeldelsen beskriver hovedpersonen = The book review describes the main character.

Also, Danish verbs do not change for person the way English verbs sometimes do. The same form is used with all subjects:

• jeg beskriver = I describe
• du beskriver = you describe
• han/hun beskriver = he/she describes

Yes. It is a very normal Danish main-clause word order:

• Boganmeldelsen = subject
• beskriver = verb
• hovedpersonen = object

So it follows the basic pattern:

Subject + Verb + Object

That said, Danish is also a verb-second language, which means the finite verb usually comes second in main clauses. In this sentence, the subject happens to come first, so the result looks very similar to English.

Mainly from word order and meaning.

In this sentence:

• Boganmeldelsen comes before the verb, so it is naturally understood as the subject.
• hovedpersonen comes after the verb, so it is understood as the object.

Danish nouns generally do not show case endings the way German does, so learners often rely on word order much more.

It is the definite singular form of hovedperson.

Breakdown:

• hovedperson = main character / main person
• hovedpersonen = the main character

Again, the ending -en shows definiteness.

So both main nouns in the sentence are definite:

• boganmeldelsen = the book review
• hovedpersonen = the main character

Because Danish usually uses the suffixed definite form for a simple noun on its own.

So normally you say:

• hovedpersonen = the main character

You would use den in other structures, especially when an adjective comes before the noun:

• den vigtige hovedperson = the important main character

This is a useful contrast:

• hovedpersonen = the main character
• den interessante hovedperson = the interesting main character

Yes. Very often it does.

In Danish, hovedperson can mean:

• the main character in a novel, film, play, etc.
• sometimes the main person in a real event or discussion

In a sentence with boganmeldelsen, most learners should understand it as the main character of the book being reviewed.

Sometimes yes, depending on context.

Danish present tense often covers both:

• simple present: describes
• present progressive: is describing

So beskriver can correspond to either English form, depending on what sounds natural in context. But if the meaning has already been given to the learner, the main grammar point is just that beskriver is present tense.

You would make the subject indefinite:

• En boganmeldelse beskriver hovedpersonen.

Compare:

• Boganmeldelsen beskriver hovedpersonen. = The book review describes the main character.
• En boganmeldelse beskriver hovedpersonen. = A book review describes the main character.

So the difference is:

• en boganmeldelse = a book review
• boganmeldelsen = the book review

A rough English-friendly guide could be:

• boganmeldelsen ≈ BOH-gan-mel-thul-sen
• beskriver ≈ beh-SKREE-ver
• hovedpersonen ≈ HOH-veth-per-soh-nen

But this is only approximate. A few pronunciation points:

• Danish d is often softer than English d
• unstressed endings like -en can sound reduced
• Danish rhythm and vowels are often harder than spelling suggests

So it is best to use audio if possible, but the sentence is made up of very standard forms.