Klagenævnet modtager klageformularen.

Because Danish forms compound nouns by writing them as one word.

• klage
  • nævn → klagenævn
• klage
  • formular → klageformular

This is very common in Danish. English often uses two words where Danish prefers one compound.

You would normally look them up like this:

• Klagenævnet → et klagenævn
• modtager → at modtage
• klageformularen → en klageformular

A good rule is:

• remove the definite ending -en or -et from nouns
• change a finite verb like modtager back to the infinitive at modtage

It is the definite article attached to a neuter singular noun.

So:

• et klagenævn = an/one complaints board
• klagenævnet = the complaints board

In Danish, the definite article is often added to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word.

Because formular is a common-gender noun, not a neuter noun.

So you get:

• en formular
• formularen

And in the compound:

• en klageformular
• klageformularen

In Danish compounds, the last part usually decides the gender. Since formular is common gender, the whole compound is too.

Because Danish usually expresses the by adding an ending to the noun:

• -en for many common-gender nouns
• -et for many neuter nouns

So instead of a separate word, Danish often says:

• klageformularen rather than the complaint form
• klagenævnet rather than the complaints board

A separate definite word such as den or det is mainly used when there is an adjective or some other extra structure, for example den lange klageformular.

Modtager is the present tense of at modtage.

So:

• at modtage = infinitive
• modtager = present tense

It is used for all persons:

• jeg modtager
• du modtager
• han modtager
• de modtager

Unlike English, Danish does not add a special ending like -s only for he/she/it.

Because the sentence follows the normal Danish main-clause pattern:

subject + verb + object

So here:

• Klagenævnet = subject
• modtager = verb
• klageformularen = object

The endings -et and -en show definiteness, not grammatical case. Danish relies heavily on word order to show who does what.

Yes. This is the basic unmarked word order for a main clause:

subject + finite verb + object

Danish also has the verb-second rule, which means the finite verb is usually in the second position in main clauses. For example:

• Klagenævnet modtager klageformularen
• I dag modtager Klagenævnet klageformularen

In both cases, the verb modtager stays in second position.

At least in this sentence, it is capitalized because it is the first word of the sentence.

Danish does not capitalize all nouns, unlike German. So if this were in the middle of a sentence, it would normally be written klagenævnet, unless it is being treated as part of an official name.

It is singular.

The ending -et shows that it is a definite singular neuter noun.

So:

• et klagenævn = singular, indefinite
• klagenævnet = singular, definite

A plural form would be different, for example klagenævn or klagenævnene, depending on definiteness.

Æ is a separate Danish vowel, not a combination of a and e.

For an English speaker, it is often roughly somewhere between the vowel in bed and the vowel in cat, though the exact sound depends on the word and speaker.

The important beginner point is:

• treat æ as its own vowel
• do not pronounce it like English ay or ee

So when learning Klagenævnet, pay attention to æ as a distinct Danish sound.