Forsikringsselskabet sender skadeanmeldelsen.

The sentence has a very standard structure:

• Forsikringsselskabet = the subject
• sender = the verb
• skadeanmeldelsen = the object

So the pattern is:

subject + verb + object

This is the normal basic word order in Danish main clauses.

Because Danish, like English and German, often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

forsikringsselskabet can be broken down like this:

• forsikring = insurance
• selskab = company
• -et = the definite ending

So the base noun is forsikringsselskab = insurance company, and then -et makes it the insurance company.

Danish usually writes these compounds as one word, not as separate words.

That -s- is a linking element inside the compound.

So:

• forsikring
  • s
    • selskab = forsikringsselskab

This -s- does not mean possession here. It is just a very common way of connecting parts of a compound noun in Danish.

You will see this a lot in long Danish words.

In Danish, the is often added to the end of the noun instead of appearing as a separate word before it.

So:

• forsikringsselskab = an insurance company
• forsikringsselskabet = the insurance company

and

• skadeanmeldelse = a claim report / damage report
• skadeanmeldelsen = the claim report / damage report

This is one of the biggest differences from English.

Because Danish nouns belong to different grammatical genders.

• et forsikringsselskab → forsikringsselskabet
• en skadeanmeldelse → skadeanmeldelsen

So:

• -et is the usual definite ending for et-words (neuter)
• -en is the usual definite ending for en-words (common gender)

That means:

• forsikringsselskab is an et-word
• skadeanmeldelse is an en-word

sender is the present tense of the verb at sende = to send.

So:

• at sende = to send
• sender = send / sends / is sending, depending on context

A very common rule in Danish is that the present tense often ends in -r.

Examples:

• at sende → sender
• at betale → betaler
• at arbejde → arbejder

No. Danish verbs do not change the way English verbs do for I send / he sends / they send.

You use the same present-tense form for all persons:

• jeg sender
• du sender
• han sender
• vi sender
• de sender

So sender stays the same no matter who the subject is.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Danish present tense often covers both:

• sends
• is sending

So Forsikringsselskabet sender skadeanmeldelsen could be understood as either:

• The insurance company sends the claim report
• The insurance company is sending the claim report

Usually the wider context tells you which is more natural.

It is also a compound noun.

You can break it down like this:

• skade = damage, injury, loss
• anmeldelse = report, notification
• -n / -en = the definite ending

So:

• skadeanmeldelse = damage report / claim report
• skadeanmeldelsen = the damage report / the claim report

As with forsikringsselskabet, the whole thing is written as one word.

It would be:

Et forsikringsselskab sender en skadeanmeldelse.

That means the nouns are indefinite:

• et forsikringsselskab = an insurance company
• en skadeanmeldelse = a claim report / damage report

So this sentence is a good example of the contrast:

• et / en for indefinite
• -et / -en for definite

Yes, this is the normal basic order in a main clause:

subject + verb + object

So:

Forsikringsselskabet sender skadeanmeldelsen.

But Danish also follows the verb-second rule in main clauses. That means if you put something else first, the verb still stays in second position.

For example:

I dag sender forsikringsselskabet skadeanmeldelsen.
= Today, the insurance company sends/is sending the claim report.

So the order can change, but the finite verb usually stays in position two.

No, not normally.

Unlike German, Danish does not capitalize all nouns.

So Forsikringsselskabet is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence. In the middle of a sentence, it would usually be written:

forsikringsselskabet

The same goes for skadeanmeldelsen.