Runden foregår ved bordet.

Runden means the round or the turn, depending on context.

It is the definite singular form of en runde:

• en runde = a round / a turn
• runden = the round / the turn

In a game, it would often mean the round. In some other contexts, it could mean the turn.

Because Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of putting a separate word in front, as English does.

So:

• en runde = a round
• runden = the round

This is very common in Danish. English uses the before the noun, but Danish often uses an ending instead.

Foregår means something like:

• takes place
• is happening
• goes on

The base form is foregå.

So:

• at foregå = to take place / to happen
• foregår = takes place / is happening

In this sentence, foregår is in the present tense.

Because foregå is a separate verb with its own meaning.

• gå usually means walk or go
• foregå means take place, happen, or go on

So although foregå contains gå, you should learn it as its own verb, not as just gå with an extra bit added.

Here, ved means at or by in the sense of at the table / by the table.

So:

• ved bordet = at the table

In Danish, ved often refers to being next to, by, or at something.

Because ved bordet means at the table, meaning someone is sitting or acting there.

By contrast:

• ved bordet = at the table / by the table
• på bordet = on the table

So if something is physically lying on top of the table, you use på bordet.
If an activity is happening around the table, you usually use ved bordet.

Bordet means the table.

The noun is:

• et bord = a table
• bordet = the table

Bord is a neuter noun, so its definite singular ending is -et.

Compare:

• en stol → stolen
• et bord → bordet

Because in Danish, the definite article is usually attached to the noun.

English:

• the table

Danish:

• bordet

So bordet already includes the meaning of the table. You do not add another separate the-word in this simple structure.

The word order is the normal Danish pattern for a main clause:

• Runden = subject
• foregår = verb
• ved bordet = prepositional phrase

So it follows the basic pattern:

subject + verb + other information

This is very similar to English:

• The round takes place at the table

It is singular.

Here are the forms:

• en runde = a round
• runden = the round
• runder = rounds
• runderne = the rounds

So runden is definitely singular definite.

Yes, often it could.

Depending on context, Runden foregår ved bordet could be understood as:

• The round takes place at the table
• The round is happening at the table
• The round is going on at the table

The exact English choice depends on what sounds most natural in the situation.

Yes, it is grammatically natural.

It sounds like something you might say in a context such as:

• a game
• an event
• an organized activity
• a discussion format

The sentence is simple and correct:

• Runden = the round
• foregår = takes place
• ved bordet = at the table

That would be:

En runde foregår ved et bord.

But in practice, Danish might choose a different wording depending on the context.

The key grammar change is:

• runden → en runde
• bordet → et bord

So:

• Runden foregår ved bordet = The round takes place at the table
• En runde foregår ved et bord = A round takes place at a table

Yes.

In many contexts, ved bordet does not just mean physically next to the table. It can also mean at the table in the functional sense: sitting there, participating there, or having the activity centered there.

So it often refers to the place where the activity is happening, not only exact physical position.