Terningekastet giver pointet.

Because Danish usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

• et terningekast = a dice roll / a roll of the die
• terningekastet = the dice roll / the roll of the die

The ending -et is the definite singular ending for many neuter nouns.

Because Danish very often uses a compound noun where English might use:

• noun + noun: dice roll
• or noun + of + noun: roll of the die

So terningekast is one word built from:

• terning = die
• kast = throw / roll

Together, terningekast means dice roll or roll of the die.

It is a compound noun:

• terning = die
• kast = throw / cast / roll
• -et = the (definite ending)

So:

• terningekast = a dice roll
• terningekastet = the dice roll

The -e- in the middle is a common linking element in Danish compounds. You do not usually translate it separately.

Giver is the present tense of at give (to give).

Some forms are:

• at give = to give
• giver = gives / give
• gav = gave
• har givet = has/have given

In Danish, the present tense usually ends in -r, and it does not change depending on the subject:

• jeg giver = I give
• du giver = you give
• terningekastet giver = the dice roll gives

Because point is a neuter noun in Danish:

• et point = a point
• pointet = the point

If it were a common-gender noun, the definite ending would usually be -en instead.

So the sentence is using the normal neuter pattern:

• et point
• pointet

For the same reason as with terningekastet: Danish often attaches the to the end of the noun.

So:

• et point = a point
• pointet = the point

A separate article like det is usually used when there is an adjective or some extra structure:

• det afgørende point = the crucial point

But with just the noun by itself, Danish normally uses the ending form: pointet.

Yes. This is the basic pattern:

• Subject + Verb + Object

So in Terningekastet giver pointet:

• Terningekastet = subject
• giver = verb
• pointet = object

That is the most straightforward word order in a main clause.

A useful extra point: Danish is a verb-second (V2) language. That means if something else comes first, the verb still stays in second position:

• I dette spil giver terningekastet pointet.
• Nu giver terningekastet pointet.

Yes, and that changes the meaning.

• Terningekastet giver pointet = the specific roll gives the specific point
• Et terningekast giver et point = a roll gives a point / one roll gives one point

So the original sentence is definite in both nouns, while Et terningekast giver et point is indefinite and sounds more like a general rule or description.

It is grammatical, but whether it sounds natural depends on the context.

In real game/scoring language, Danish might often say something like:

• Terningekastet giver et point = The roll gives one point
• Terningekastet giver point = The roll gives points / awards points

So pointet is possible if you really mean that specific point, but in many practical contexts Danish would more naturally use et point or just point.

That does not make the original sentence wrong; it just means Danish often chooses a slightly different wording depending on how specific the scoring context is.