Kánoe jede přes koryto.

Here it is singular.

The clearest clue is the verb jede, which is 3rd person singular: it goes / it is going. If the subject were plural, you would expect jedou:

• Kánoe jede. = The canoe goes / is going.
• Kánoe jedou. = The canoes go / are going.

A useful extra point: kánoe is an indeclinable loanword, so its form usually stays kánoe even when the case changes. Number is often understood from the verb or context.

Because Czech normally does not use articles.

So Kánoe can mean:

• a canoe
• the canoe

and the listener understands which one is meant from the context.

That is very normal in Czech. English learners often want to add an article, but Czech simply does not need one.

Jede is the present-tense form of the verb jet.

In this sentence, jede means something like:

• goes
• is going
• is moving
• sometimes more specifically travels

It is 3rd person singular, so it matches kánoe.

Also, because jet is imperfective, the present tense can often mean either:

• a current action: is going
• a more general/habitual action: goes

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is a very natural question.

Yes, pluje can also be possible for a boat-like object, and it emphasizes floating / sailing / moving on water.

But jede is also understandable because Czech often uses jet for a vehicle or means of transport that is moving from one place to another. In that sense, the canoe is treated a bit like a vehicle.

So the difference is roughly:

• kánoe jede = the canoe is going / moving along
• kánoe pluje = the canoe is floating / sailing / moving on water

In many contexts, pluje may sound more specifically water-related, while jede focuses more on movement from one place to another.

The preposition přes takes the accusative case when it means across / over.

So in this sentence:

• přes = across / over
• koryto is in the accusative singular

A very important detail: koryto is a neuter noun, and in the singular its nominative and accusative forms are the same:

• nominative: koryto
• accusative: koryto

So the case has changed in function, but the word itself does not look different.

Koryto has several related meanings, depending on context. Common ones include:

• trough
• channel
• riverbed / stream bed

So in a sentence with a canoe, it most likely means something like a channel or watercourse, not an animal feeding trough.

Czech often uses one word for a physical bed/channel-shaped space, and the exact English translation depends on the situation.

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible because grammatical roles are often shown by endings and context, not just by position.

The basic neutral order here is:

• Kánoe jede přes koryto.

But you could also rearrange it for emphasis, for example:

• Přes koryto jede kánoe.
  This puts more focus on across the channel.

The original version sounds like a normal neutral statement: The canoe is going across the channel.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide is:

• Kánoe ≈ KAA-no-eh
• jede ≈ YEH-deh
• přes ≈ a difficult Czech sound, roughly przhes
• koryto ≈ KO-ri-to

A few helpful notes:

• á is a long vowel, so ká- is longer than a short a
• j in Czech is pronounced like English y in yes
• ř is a special Czech sound with no exact English equivalent; learners usually need practice with it
• stress in Czech is usually on the first syllable of each word:
  • KÁ-no-e
  • JE-de
  • PŘES
  • KO-ry-to

It can mean either, depending on context.

Because jede is present tense of an imperfective verb, Czech often uses the same form for:

• The canoe goes across the channel
• The canoe is going across the channel

If you saw this sentence by itself, many people would naturally understand it as is going if it describes a scene happening now. But in the right context, it could also describe a regular or general action.