Přebytek je velký.

A careful pronunciation is roughly:

Přebytek je velký → PRZHE-bih-tek yeh VEL-kee

A few notes:

• ř is a special Czech sound with no exact English equivalent. It sounds a bit like a rolled r mixed with zh (as in measure).
• řeby in Přebytek is the hardest part for most learners.
• je is pronounced yeh.
• ý is a long vowel, so velký ends with a long ee sound: VEL-kee.

The stress in Czech is almost always on the first syllable of each word:

• PŘE-bytek
• JE
• VEL-ký

Je means is.

It is the 3rd person singular form of the verb být (to be).

So:

• Přebytek = surplus / excess
• je = is
• velký = big / large

That gives the structure:

Přebytek je velký = The surplus is big / The excess is large

Velký is an adjective meaning big, large, or great in some contexts.

It has the form velký because it agrees with přebytek, which is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

In Czech, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

So if the noun changed, the adjective form would change too.

For example:

• přebytek is masculine singular nominative → velký
• if the noun were feminine, you might get velká
• if it were neuter, you might get velké

Přebytek is a masculine inanimate noun.

You can often tell from the dictionary form ending:

• many Czech masculine nouns end in a consonant
• přebytek ends in -k, so masculine is a good expectation

Because it is masculine singular nominative, the adjective also takes the masculine singular nominative form:

• velký

Czech does not use articles like English a/an and the.

So Přebytek je velký can mean:

• The surplus is big
• A surplus is big
• simply Surplus is big, depending on context

Usually, the context tells you whether English should use the, a, or no article at all.

This is very normal in Czech, and learners need to get used to understanding definiteness from context rather than from an article.

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral, straightforward order is:

• Přebytek = subject
• je = verb
• velký = predicate adjective

So Přebytek je velký is the most natural basic version.

But Czech can change word order for emphasis or style. For example:

• Velký je přebytek.
  This sounds marked and emphasizes big.

Even when word order changes, the endings often show the grammatical relationships, so Czech does not rely as heavily on word order as English does.

Here velký is a predicate adjective.

That means it is not directly placed before the noun as in:

• velký přebytek = a big surplus

Instead, it comes after the verb je:

• Přebytek je velký = The surplus is big

So both are adjectives, but the sentence structures are different:

• velký přebytek = adjective + noun
• přebytek je velký = noun + to be
  • adjective

Yes. Přebytek is in the nominative singular here.

That is because it is the subject of the sentence:

• Přebytek je velký = The surplus is big

The adjective velký also appears in the nominative singular masculine form because it matches the subject in this type of sentence.

Yes, absolutely.

Velký often corresponds to:

• big
• large
• sometimes great, depending on context

So possible English translations include:

• The surplus is big.
• The surplus is large.

The best choice depends on style and context. In more formal or financial contexts, large may sound more natural than big.

They are related, but not the same.

• Přebytek je velký. = The surplus is big.
  This is a complete sentence.

• Velký přebytek = a big surplus / the big surplus
  This is just a noun phrase, not a full sentence.

So:

• Přebytek je velký. tells you something about the surplus.
• Velký přebytek simply names or describes it.

Yes, přebytek is a normal Czech noun. It usually means surplus, excess, or overage, depending on context.

It can be used for things like:

• money: a budget surplus
• goods: an excess of products
• supply: more than needed
• abstract situations: an overabundance of something

So the exact English translation depends on context, but the grammar of the sentence stays the same:

• Přebytek je velký. = The surplus/excess is large.