الطبيب يقول الحقيقة.

الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• الطبيب = the doctor
• الحقيقة = the truth

Unlike English, Arabic attaches the directly to the noun as a prefix.

Because Arabic does not use a separate standalone word like English the. Instead, definiteness is built into the noun with the prefix الـ.

Compare:

• English: the doctor
• Arabic: الطبيب

This is one of the first big structural differences English speakers notice.

يقول is a present-tense verb, specifically:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

It means he says or he is saying, depending on context.

Its dictionary/root-related form is based on the verb قال = to say.

So in this sentence:

• الطبيب = the doctor
• يقول = says

Together: The doctor says ...

Because it agrees with الطبيب, which is:

• masculine
• singular

In Arabic, verbs usually agree with their subjects in gender and number.

So:

• الطبيب يقول = the doctor says
• if the subject were feminine, the verb would change:
  • الطبيبة تقول = the female doctor says

English often uses helping words such as do/does in some sentence patterns, but Arabic does not.

Arabic can simply say:

• الطبيب يقول الحقيقة

There is no extra word needed for does. The verb itself already carries the necessary information.

So Arabic is structurally closer to:

• The doctor says the truth

rather than:

• The doctor does say the truth

Because Arabic often uses the definite form where English may or may not.

Here, الحقيقة means the truth. This is a very natural expression in Arabic.

So:

• يقول الحقيقة = says the truth

Even if English sometimes prefers just speaks the truth or tells the truth, Arabic commonly uses the truth as a definite noun here.

Technically, it begins with a noun, so it is usually analyzed as a nominal sentence in Arabic grammar.

• الطبيب = the topic/subject at the beginning
• يقول الحقيقة = a verbal clause functioning as the predicate

But for many learners at an early stage, it is perfectly fine to understand it simply as:

• subject + verb + object

So you do not need to worry too much about the grammar label at first.

Yes. Arabic allows more flexibility in word order than English.

Both are possible:

• الطبيب يقول الحقيقة
• يقول الطبيب الحقيقة

Both can mean The doctor says the truth.

The difference is often about style, focus, or sentence type:

• الطبيب يقول الحقيقة puts the doctor first
• يقول الطبيب الحقيقة starts with the action says

In beginner learning, both are worth recognizing.

In normal Arabic writing, short case endings are usually omitted.

A fully vowelled formal version would be:

• الطبيبُ يقولُ الحقيقةَ

Those endings show grammatical case:

• الطبيبُ = subject
• يقولُ = indicative present verb
• الحقيقةَ = direct object

But in everyday printed Arabic, these final short vowels are usually not written, so learners often see:

• الطبيب يقول الحقيقة

without the endings.

In الطبيب, the ل of الـ is not pronounced normally, because ط is a sun letter.

So the pronunciation is approximately:

• aṭ-ṭabīb

not:

• al-ṭabīb

This happens because the l sound assimilates to the following sun letter.

By contrast, in الحقيقة, ح is a moon letter, so the l is pronounced:

• al-ḥaqīqah

So the sentence is pronounced roughly as:

• aṭ-ṭabību yaqūlu al-ḥaqīqata
  in full formal pronunciation

or more simply without case endings:

• aṭ-ṭabīb yaqūl al-ḥaqīqa

Yes, Arabic can often omit the subject if it is understood from context, because the verb already gives some information.

• يقول already tells you: he says

So if the listener already knows you are talking about the doctor, Arabic could say:

• يقول الحقيقة = He says the truth

But if you want to make the subject explicit, you keep الطبيب.

Grammatically, it is literally says the truth.

However, in natural English, you would often translate the whole sentence as:

• The doctor tells the truth
• or The doctor speaks the truth

So a literal word-for-word match is not always the most natural final translation. Arabic and English often package common expressions differently.

A learner might notice that Arabic words often come from roots.

Here are two important roots:

• يقول comes from the root ق و ل, related to saying/speech
• الحقيقة comes from the root ح ق ق, related to truth, reality, correctness

Knowing roots helps learners connect vocabulary across many words. For example:

• قال = he said
• يقول = he says
• قول = saying / speech

and:

• حق = right / truth
• حقيقة = truth / reality

So even a short sentence can show how Arabic vocabulary is interconnected.