نعم، عندي بطاقة الهوية.

Arabic often expresses possession without a verb like English have. Instead, it uses a phrase such as عندي.

So عندي بطاقة الهوية literally means something like the ID card is with/at me, which English naturally translates as I have the ID card.

عندي is made of:

• عند = at, with, in the possession of
• ي = me / my

So عندي literally means with me or in my possession.

This is the normal word order for this kind of possession sentence in Arabic. The phrase عندي comes first, and the thing being possessed comes after it.

So Arabic naturally says something like with me is the ID card.
You can change the order for emphasis, but عندي بطاقة الهوية is the most straightforward pattern.

Because بطاقة الهوية is an iḍāfa construction, often called a construct phrase.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun does not take الـ
• the second noun determines whether the whole phrase is definite

So بطاقة الهوية is correct, not البطاقة الهوية.

It is an iḍāfa phrase: literally card of identity.

This is a very common Arabic way to join two nouns. In English, we often translate it more naturally as identity card or ID card.

So:

• بطاقة = card
• الهوية = identity
• together: identity card / ID card

In an iḍāfa, the second noun can be definite, and if it is, the whole phrase becomes definite.

Here, الهوية has الـ, so the whole phrase بطاقة الهوية is grammatically definite.

That is why the first noun stays without الـ, but the second one can have it.

Yes—here you pronounce it as t.

When ة stands alone at the end of a phrase, it is usually pronounced -a. But in an iḍāfa, it is pronounced -at or -tu/-ta/-ti depending on case and style.

So in careful pronunciation:

• بطاقة alone: biṭāqa
• بطاقة الهوية: biṭāqat al-huwiyya or, with full endings, biṭāqatu l-huwiyyati

In Modern Standard Arabic, الهوية is pronounced roughly al-huwiyya.

A few helpful points:

• the ه is a normal h
• the و here helps form huwi
• the doubled ي gives a stronger yy sound
• the final ة is usually -a in pause, or changes when connected grammatically

So the whole phrase is roughly biṭāqat al-huwiyya.

In fully vowelled, careful MSA, the key part is:

بِطاقَةُ الهُوِيَّةِ

More fully, the sentence can be read as:

نَعَمْ، عِنْدِي بِطاقَةُ الهُوِيَّةِ

Here:

• بطاقةُ is nominative
• الهويةِ is genitive because it is the second term in an iḍāfa

In normal everyday reading, these short vowel endings are often not written and often not pronounced in pause.

Yes.

• عندي = very common, neutral I have / with me
• لديّ = a bit more formal or written
• معي = often emphasizes with me right now, physically on my person

So all of these can work, but the nuance changes slightly depending on context.

Yes. نعم just means yes, so it is there because this sentence is probably answering a question.

The core statement is simply:

عندي بطاقة الهوية

If you are not answering someone directly, you do not need نعم.

Yes, there is a difference in definiteness.

• بطاقة هوية is more like an identity card
• بطاقة الهوية is grammatically definite, more like the identity card or a specific known ID card

In real usage, English may still translate both as ID card, but grammatically the Arabic forms are not exactly the same.