أنبوب الشفط قرب مرآة الأسنان.

Because Arabic often uses a nominal sentence in the present tense, with no verb for is/are.

So:

• أنبوب الشفط = the suction tube
• قرب مرآة الأسنان = near the dental mirror

Together, that naturally means:

• The suction tube is near the dental mirror.

If you wanted a past-tense version, Arabic would use a verb such as كان.

It is a nominal sentence.

A simple breakdown is:

• أنبوب الشفط = the subject/topic
• قرب مرآة الأسنان = the predicate/comment, telling you where it is

More technically:

• أنبوبُ الشفطِ is the mubtadaʾ (subject of a nominal sentence)
• قربَ مرآةِ الأسنانِ is the khabar (predicate), expressed as a phrase of location

So the sentence structure is basically:

• [thing] + [location]

This is because of the iḍāfa construction, often called the construct phrase.

• أنبوب = tube
• الشفط = suction

Together:

• أنبوب الشفط = literally tube of the suction
• natural English: the suction tube

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the whole phrase becomes definite if the second noun is definite

So since الشفط is definite, أنبوب الشفط as a whole is definite: the suction tube.

Yes. That is the literal structure.

Arabic very often uses noun-to-noun combinations where English might use:

• an adjective
• another noun used attributively
• an of phrase

So:

• أنبوب الشفط = tube of suction = suction tube
• مرآة الأسنان = mirror of the teeth = dental mirror

This is a very common Arabic pattern, especially for objects and technical terms.

قرب here means near and functions as a word of location.

In traditional grammar, it is often treated as a ظرف مكان (adverbial expression of place), and it is commonly followed by a noun in an iḍāfa-like relationship:

• قرب مرآة الأسنان = near the dental mirror

So you can think of it as working very much like a preposition in English, even though grammatically Arabic analyzes it a bit differently.

In fully vowelled Arabic, you would typically see:

• قربَ مرآةِ الأسنانِ

where:

• قربَ is in the accusative as a ظرف
• مرآةِ is genitive after it
• الأسنانِ is also genitive because it is part of another iḍāfa

Again, this is because of the iḍāfa structure.

• مرآة = mirror
• الأسنان = the teeth

Together:

• مرآة الأسنان = mirror of the teeth = dental mirror

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the second noun can take ال
• the whole phrase can still be definite

So مرآة الأسنان already means the dental mirror or the mirror of the teeth. You do not normally say المرآة الأسنان for this meaning.

Because Arabic uses the natural noun الأسنان = the teeth in this expression.

• سِنّ = tooth
• أسنان = teeth

So:

• مرآة الأسنان = literally mirror of the teeth

This is the normal medical/dental expression for a dental mirror. Arabic does not have to match English word-for-word, so even if English says dental mirror, Arabic may use a plural noun inside an iḍāfa phrase.

مرآة can be tricky because it contains a hamza.

A helpful pronunciation guide is:

• mirʾāh when paused on the word by itself
• in this sentence, because it is in an iḍāfa and not paused, it is more like mirʾāti

So the phrase is pronounced approximately:

• qurba mirʾāti l-asnān in full grammatical reading

A few important points:

• the hamza represents a glottal stop, like a brief catch in the throat
• the final ة is tāʾ marbūṭa
• when a word with ة is followed grammatically by another word in an iḍāfa or with endings, the t sound is heard

That is why مرآة الأسنان is not just mirʾāh al-asnān, but more like mirʾat / mirʾati al-asnān, depending on the ending.

A fully vowelled version would typically be:

أُنبوبُ الشفطِ قُربَ مِرآةِ الأسنانِ

Here is the case breakdown:

• أُنبوبُ — nominative, because it is the subject
• الشفطِ — genitive, because it is the second part of an iḍāfa
• قُربَ — accusative, because it is a ظرف
• مِرآةِ — genitive, because it follows قرب
• الأسنانِ — genitive, because it is the second part of مرآة الأسنان

In normal everyday writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so you just see:

أنبوب الشفط قرب مرآة الأسنان

A careful MSA-style pronunciation would be approximately:

ʾunbūbu sh-shafṭi qurba mirʾāti l-asnān

A slightly simplified learner-friendly version:

un-BOO-bush-shaf-ti qurb miR-aa-til as-naan

A few pronunciation notes:

• أنبوب = ʾunbūb
• الشفط: the ل of ال assimilates to ش, so it sounds like ash-shafṭ / sh-shafṭ
• ق is a deep q sound, not an English k
• ط is an emphatic t
• مرآة includes a hamza: mir-ʾaa-
• الأسنان begins with hamzat al-waṣl, so after a preceding word it is pronounced smoothly as l-asnān

Because ش is a sun letter.

When ال comes before a sun letter, the l sound is not pronounced separately; instead, the following consonant is doubled.

So:

• written: الشفط
• pronounced: ash-shafṭ or sh-shafṭ in connected speech

This is called assimilation of ال.

By contrast, with a moon letter, the l would be pronounced clearly.

Yes, but the given order is very natural.

The basic sentence is:

• أنبوب الشفط قرب مرآة الأسنان
• The suction tube is near the dental mirror

This starts with the thing being talked about, then gives its location.

Arabic can sometimes move location phrases for emphasis, but the given version is the most straightforward and neutral for a learner.

It is definite overall.

Both noun phrases are definite because they are iḍāfa constructions whose second nouns are definite:

• أنبوب الشفط = the suction tube
• مرآة الأسنان = the dental mirror

So the sentence is not talking about just any tube and any mirror, but about specific, identifiable objects.

الشفط comes from a root connected with sucking or aspiration/suction.

So:

• شفط relates to suction
• أنبوب الشفط is therefore the suction tube

In medical or dental settings, this is exactly the kind of noun combination Arabic often uses: tool/object + function.