صديقي جائع اليوم.

In the present tense, Arabic usually does not use a separate word for is / am / are.

So:

• صديقي = my friend
• جائع = hungry
• اليوم = today

Together, صديقي جائع اليوم means My friend is hungry today.

If you wanted a past-tense meaning, Arabic would use a verb such as كان:

• كان صديقي جائعًا اليوم = My friend was hungry today

صديقي means my friend.

It is made of:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So this ending ـي is a possessive suffix meaning my.

A few similar examples:

• كتابي = my book
• بيتي = my house
• أستاذي = my teacher

This is a nominal sentence in Arabic, called جملة اسمية.

A nominal sentence often has two main parts:

• المبتدأ = the topic / subject
• الخبر = the comment / predicate

In this sentence:

• صديقي = the مبتدأ
• جائع = the خبر
• اليوم = an adverbial expression of time: today

So the basic structure is:

• My friend
  • hungry
    • today

Here, جائع is the predicate of the sentence: hungry.

In Arabic, the predicate in a sentence like this is often indefinite, so جائع appears without الـ.

Compare:

• صديقي جائع = My friend is hungry
• صديقي الرجل الجائع would not mean the same thing; it would start to sound like my friend, the hungry man or a noun phrase rather than a simple sentence.

So in a basic sentence of the form X is Y, the predicate is often indefinite.

In meaning, it works like an adjective: hungry.

But grammatically, جائع is also an active participle (اسم فاعل) from the root related to hunger. Arabic often uses forms like this as everyday descriptive words.

So in practice, you can understand جائع here simply as hungry.

Other similar words are:

• تعبان = tired
• عطشان = thirsty
• سعيد = happy

Starting with صديقي is the most straightforward way to say:

• My friend is hungry today

Arabic often puts the topic first, especially in a nominal sentence.

But اليوم can also come first for emphasis:

• اليوم صديقي جائع = Today, my friend is hungry

This shifts the focus a little toward today.

So both are possible, but صديقي جائع اليوم is a very natural neutral sentence.

A careful pronunciation is:

• ṣadīqī jāʾiʿ al-yawm

Rough guide:

• ص = emphatic s
• دِي = dee
• قِي = qee
• جائع = jaa-iʿ with a small break from the hamza (ء)
• اليوم = al-yawm

A more learner-friendly approximation is:

• sa-DEE-qee JAA-iʿ al-YAWM

But it is best to remember that ص and ق are not the same as ordinary English s and k.

اليوم means today and gives the time of the situation.

So it answers the question when?

• صديقي جائع = My friend is hungry
• صديقي جائع اليوم = My friend is hungry today

It functions adverbially, even though Arabic often uses a regular noun for expressions of time.

In Arabic, اليوم literally contains الـ, but as a whole expression it simply means today.

So you should learn اليوم as a set everyday word meaning:

• today

Likewise:

• أمس = yesterday
• غدًا = tomorrow

You do not need to translate the الـ separately here.

If the friend is female, both the noun and the word for hungry should match.

You could say:

• صديقتي جائعة اليوم = My female friend is hungry today

Changes:

• صديقي → صديقتي = my female friend
• جائع → جائعة = feminine form of hungry

So Arabic shows gender agreement more clearly than English does.

Yes. In this kind of sentence, the predicate should agree with the subject in gender and usually in number.

Here:

• صديقي is masculine singular
• so جائع is also masculine singular

Examples:

• صديقي جائع = My friend is hungry
• صديقتي جائعة = My female friend is hungry

With plural subjects, the form changes too.

Yes, in full formal Arabic there are case endings, although they are often not written in normal text and are often not pronounced in everyday speech.

A fully vocalized version could be:

• صَدِيقِي جَائِعٌ الْيَوْمَ

Notes:

• جائعٌ is nominative because it is the predicate
• اليومَ is often accusative as an adverbial expression of time
• صديقي is also nominative in function, but the case ending is not clearly visible because of the ـي possessive suffix

For beginners, the most important thing is the basic meaning and structure; the case details can come later.

In fully vowelled formal writing, it would usually be:

• جائعٌ

But in normal Arabic writing, short vowels and tanween are usually omitted. So it is commonly written simply as:

• جائع

This is completely normal.

So the absence of written tanween here does not mean the word is definite or grammatically different; it just means the text is unvowelled.

Normally, صديقي in Modern Standard Arabic means my friend.

In some contexts, especially in translation from English, people might wonder about boyfriend, but that is not the default meaning in MSA. If you mean friend, صديقي is the normal interpretation.

Context always matters, but for a learner reading this sentence, the correct basic meaning is:

• My friend is hungry today

Yes, that is possible.

• صديقي جائع اليوم = neutral, very common
• صديقي اليوم جائع = also possible, with today placed inside the sentence for a slightly different rhythm or focus

Arabic allows some flexibility in word order, especially with time expressions like اليوم.

However, for a beginner, صديقي جائع اليوم is an excellent standard pattern to learn first.