يستعمل صديقي قفاز الفرن من أجل حمل صينية الخبز.

Yes. In Modern Standard Arabic, a sentence often begins with the verb, especially in neutral written style.

So:

يستعمل صديقي قفاز الفرن...
literally follows the order uses my friend the oven mitt...

This is a very common Arabic pattern: verb + subject + object.

You can also say:

صديقي يستعمل قفاز الفرن...

That puts more focus on my friend and is also correct. So both are possible, but the version starting with the verb is very natural in MSA.

يستعمل means he uses.

It is:

• present/future tense in Arabic
• 3rd person singular masculine
• from the verb استعمل = to use

Because the subject is صديقي (my friend), and that noun is masculine singular here, the verb appears as يستعمل = he uses.

The word صديق means friend.

When Arabic adds ـي to the end of a noun, that often means my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

This ـي is a possessive suffix. It is attached directly to the noun instead of using a separate word like English my.

This is because قفاز الفرن is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction.

It literally means something like:

• glove of the oven

But in natural English, that becomes:

• the oven glove
• the oven mitt

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the second noun can be definite

So:

• قفاز = glove
• الفرن = the oven

Together:

• قفاز الفرن = the oven glove / oven mitt

Because الفرن is definite, the whole phrase is understood as definite.

من أجل means for, for the sake of, or in order to.

Here it introduces a purpose:

من أجل حمل صينية الخبز
= in order to carry the baking tray

So the sentence says that your friend uses the oven mitt for the purpose of carrying the tray.

Because من أجل is followed here by a verbal noun (also called a maṣdar), not a conjugated verb.

• حمل = carrying / to carry in the sense of the action as a noun
• يحمل = he carries / he is carrying

So:

من أجل حمل صينية الخبز
literally means
for the carrying of the baking tray

But in English, we normally translate that as: in order to carry the baking tray

This structure is very common in Arabic:

• من أجل + maṣdar

Yes. Arabic has several ways to express purpose.

For example:

• لحمل صينية الخبز = to carry the baking tray
• كي يحمل صينية الخبز = so that he carries the baking tray / in order that he carry the baking tray

But من أجل حمل is perfectly correct and often sounds a bit more formal or explicit.

This is another iḍāfa construction.

• صينية = tray / pan
• الخبز = the bread

So literally it is:

• tray of the bread

In natural English, depending on context, this is usually:

• the baking tray
• the bread tray
• the tray for bread

In this sentence, baking tray is the most natural meaning.

The ending ـة (called tāʾ marbūṭa) often marks a noun as feminine.

So صينية is a feminine noun meaning tray.

This matters because adjectives and some pronouns would need to agree with it if they referred to it. In this sentence, though, you mainly just need to recognize it as part of the noun phrase صينية الخبز.

That happens because of the iḍāfa structure.

In Arabic, definiteness can belong to the whole phrase, not just a single word.

For example:

• قفاز الفرن = the oven glove
• صينية الخبز = the baking tray or the bread tray

Even though قفاز and صينية do not have ال, the whole phrase can still be definite because the second noun is definite.

So you should not always expect Arabic to mark the in the same place English does.

Yes, in fully vocalized formal Arabic, the words would have case endings, but they are usually not written in normal Arabic text.

A fully vocalized version could look like this:

يستعملُ صديقي قفازَ الفرنِ من أجلِ حملِ صينيةِ الخبزِ

Very roughly:

• يستعملُ: verb ending
• قفازَ: object in the accusative
• الفرنِ: genitive because of iḍāfa
• أجلِ and حملِ: genitive after the preposition structure
• صينيةِ الخبزِ: also in a genitive relationship here

For most learners at an early stage, it is normal first to focus on the basic structure and meaning, since everyday printed Arabic usually leaves those short vowels unwritten.

No. Another very common verb is يستخدم.

So you could also say:

يستخدم صديقي قفاز الفرن من أجل حمل صينية الخبز.

That also means: My friend uses the oven mitt in order to carry the baking tray.

Both استعمل and استخدم can mean to use, though يستخدم is often especially common in modern usage.