يناقش المشارك الملخص خلال التواصل المهني.

Because verb-first word order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

يناقش المشارك الملخص
literally follows a Verb + Subject + Object pattern.

Arabic can also say:

المشارك يناقش الملخص

That is also correct, but it feels more like The participant discusses the summary with extra focus on the participant.

So the original sentence is using a very normal Arabic structure.

يناقش means he discusses or he is discussing, depending on context.

It comes from the verb ناقش = to discuss.

In MSA, the present tense can cover several English meanings, such as:

• discusses
• is discussing
• sometimes even will discuss, if the context points to the future

So without more context, يناقش is best understood as a general present-tense verb: discusses / is discussing.

Yes. المشارك is functioning as a noun here and means the participant.

It is originally an active participle from the verb شارك = to participate / to share.
So literally, it is something like the one participating.

With the definite article الـ, it becomes المشارك = the participant.

If it were indefinite, it would be:

مشارك = a participant

Because in Arabic, the verb ناقش normally takes a direct object.

So:

ناقشَ الملخصَ = he discussed the summary

Arabic does not need a preposition here.

In English, we also say discuss the summary, not discuss about the summary. Arabic works similarly in this case.

So in the sentence:

يناقش المشارك الملخص

• يناقش = discusses
• المشارك = the participant
• الملخص = the summary

Here الملخص is the direct object.

It can mean either summary or abstract, depending on context.

ملخص often means:

• summary
• abstract (especially in academic or professional contexts)

So if this sentence is about a paper, conference, or report, الملخص could easily mean the abstract.
If the context is more general, the summary is a very natural translation.

خلال usually means during, throughout, or in the course of.

So:

خلال التواصل المهني
means something like:

• during professional communication
• in the course of professional communication
• through professional communication (in some contexts)

In this sentence, during professional communication is probably the most straightforward meaning.

Because المهني is an adjective describing التواصل, and Arabic adjectives must match the noun they describe.

So:

• التواصل = the communication
• المهني = the professional

Together:

التواصل المهني = the professional communication

In Arabic, the adjective usually comes after the noun, and it agrees with it in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

Since التواصل is definite because of الـ, the adjective must also be definite:

• التواصل المهني not
• التواصل مهني

In التواصل, the ل of الـ is not pronounced fully, because ت is a sun letter.

So التواصل is pronounced more like:

at-tawāṣul

not

al-tawāṣul

This happens because the ل assimilates to the following sun letter.

By contrast, in words like المشارك and الملخص, the ل is pronounced normally, because م is a moon letter.

So:

• المشارك = al-mushārik
• الملخص = al-mulakhkhaṣ
• التواصل = at-tawāṣul

The subject المشارك is masculine singular, so the verb appears in the masculine singular form:

يناقش

That is why the sentence is grammatical.

A useful comparison:

• يناقش المشارك = the participant discusses
• تناقش المشاركة = the female participant discusses

If the subject changed, the verb form would change too.

One important note: in Arabic, when the verb comes before the subject, agreement rules can be a little different from English, especially with plural subjects. But here the subject is singular, so everything is straightforward.

A fully vocalized version would be:

يُناقِشُ المُشارِكُ المُلَخَّصَ خِلالَ التَّواصُلِ المِهْنِيِّ

The main endings are:

• يُناقِشُ → verb in the indicative
• المُشارِكُ → subject, so nominative
• المُلَخَّصَ → direct object, so accusative
• التَّواصُلِ → after خلال, so genitive
• المِهْنِيِّ → adjective matching التواصل in case, so also genitive

In everyday reading, these short vowels are usually not written, but knowing them helps you understand sentence structure better.

Yes, absolutely.

That version is also correct:

المشارك يناقش الملخص خلال التواصل المهني

This uses subject-first order instead of verb-first order.

Very roughly:

• يناقش المشارك... = a more neutral, classic Arabic verbal sentence
• المشارك يناقش... = slightly more emphasis on the participant

Both are normal and correct in MSA.