البطانة قرب الياقة.

Because Arabic often leaves out is / are in the present tense.

So البطانة قرب الياقة is a normal present-tense nominal sentence, literally something like the lining near the collar, but understood as the lining is near the collar.

If you wanted past or future, Arabic would use a verb:

• كانت البطانة قرب الياقة = The lining was near the collar
• ستكون البطانة قرب الياقة = The lining will be near the collar

In normal MSA, it can be understood as a full sentence: The lining is near the collar.

Grammatically:

• البطانة = the topic/subject
• قرب الياقة = the predicate, telling you where it is

In some contexts, especially labels, notes, or short descriptions, Arabic can also use this kind of wording almost like a caption. But as written with a period, it is very naturally read as a complete sentence.

Here قرب means near or close to.

In this sentence, it functions like a location expression. So:

• قرب الياقة = near the collar

A helpful thing to know is that قرب is originally a noun meaning nearness/proximity, but in sentences like this it works much like an adverbial expression of place.

Because Arabic can express near X in more than one way.

Here it uses:

• قرب الياقة = literally the vicinity/proximity of the collar, meaning near the collar

Another common way is:

• بالقرب من الياقة = near the collar
• قريبة من الياقة = close to the collar if the subject is feminine

So this sentence is completely normal, just a bit more compact.

Because قرب الياقة is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construct.

That means:

• قرب = first noun
• الياقة = second noun, linked directly to it

So instead of using a separate word like of, Arabic often just places the two nouns together:

• قرب الياقة = the nearness of the collar / near the collar

This is very common in Arabic.

Because it is the second part of an iḍāfa construction.

In قرب الياقة:

• قرب is the first term of the iḍāfa
• الياقة is the second term, so it is genitive

With full case endings, the phrase is:

• قربَ الياقةِ

So:

• قربَ is accusative here because it functions as an adverbial expression of place
• الياقةِ is genitive because it is the mudāf ilayh (the second noun in the iḍāfa)

Because in this sentence قرب is the first part of an iḍāfa, and the first part of an iḍāfa normally does not take الـ.

So you get:

• قرب الياقة = near the collar

Not:

• القرب الياقة

Also, قرب here is not really meant as the nearness in an abstract sense. It is being used as a relational expression: near.

Because both are definite.

• البطانة = the lining
• الياقة = the collar

In English, that matches a sentence like The lining is near the collar.

Also, in Arabic iḍāfa, the second noun can carry the definiteness. So قرب الياقة is definite because الياقة is definite.

Yes, البطانة is grammatically feminine.

A big clue is the ending ـة (tāʾ marbūṭa), which very often marks feminine nouns.

That matters for agreement. For example, if you used an adjective instead of قرب, you would say:

• البطانة قريبة من الياقة = The lining is close to the collar

Notice قريبة is feminine to agree with البطانة.

A simple pronunciation without full case endings is:

al-biṭāna qurb al-yāqa

A more fully inflected MSA reading is:

al-biṭānatu qurba al-yāqati

A few pronunciation notes:

• ط in البطانة is an emphatic t
• ق in قرب is the deep q sound, not an English k
• ـة at the end of البطانة and الياقة is usually heard as -a / -ah in pause

A standard analysis is:

• البطانةُ = mubtadaʾ (the subject/topic), nominative
• قربَ الياقةِ = the predicate
  • قربَ = adverbial expression of place / ظرف مكان, and also the first part of an iḍāfa
  • الياقةِ = mudāf ilayh, genitive

So the sentence structure is basically:

• Subject: the lining
• Predicate of location: near the collar

Yes. A very common alternative is:

• البطانة قريبة من الياقة

This means essentially the same thing: The lining is close to the collar.

Compare the two patterns:

• البطانة قرب الياقة = more compact, using قرب
• البطانة قريبة من الياقة = using an adjective قريبة plus من

Both are correct. The version with قريبة من may feel a little more transparent to learners because it resembles close to more directly.