يذهب المحامي إلى النادي.

Because Arabic often uses verb–subject word order, especially in straightforward statements.

So يذهب المحامي إلى النادي is a very normal way to say this.
Literally, the order is closer to goes the lawyer to the club.

Arabic can also use subject–verb order:

• المحامي يذهب إلى النادي

That version is also correct, but it tends to put a little more focus on the lawyer.

يذهب is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular
• in the imperfect form

That matches المحامي, since lawyer here is a singular masculine noun.

So the verb form is the one used for he goes / he is going.

It can mean several things depending on context.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect verb often covers meanings that English splits into different tenses:

• he goes
• he is going
• sometimes even he will go if the context makes that clear

If Arabic wants to make the future clearer, it often adds a future marker such as:

• سيذهب = he will go
• سوف يذهب = he will go

So by itself, يذهب is best understood as a general present/imperfect form.

إلى is the preposition meaning to.

The verb يذهب often uses إلى when you say where someone goes:

• يذهب إلى البيت = he goes to the house
• يذهب إلى المدرسة = he goes to the school
• يذهب إلى النادي = he goes to the club

So إلى النادي is a prepositional phrase meaning to the club.

Grammatically:

• المحامي is the subject, so it is nominative
• النادي comes after the preposition إلى, so it is genitive

A learner may expect visible case endings, but in normal Arabic writing those short vowels are usually not written.

There is also a small extra point: both المحامي and النادي are nouns that end in -ي, and in this kind of spelling the nominative/genitive distinction is not obvious in everyday unvocalized text. So you understand the case mainly from the grammar of the sentence.

الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the.

So:

• المحامي = the lawyer
• النادي = the club

Arabic attaches the article directly to the noun, instead of writing it as a separate word.

Because ن is a sun letter.

When الـ comes before a sun letter, the l sound of the article is not pronounced, and the next consonant is doubled in pronunciation.

So:

• written: النادي
• pronounced: an-nādī

But the spelling still keeps ال.

By contrast, in المحامي, the letter م is a moon letter, so the l is pronounced:

• al-muḥāmī

The letter ذ is pronounced like the th in this.

So يذهب is pronounced approximately:

• yadhhabu

A few helpful pronunciation notes:

• يَ = ya
• ذ = th as in this
• ه = a clear h
• ب = b

So the whole sentence is commonly read as something like:

• yadhhabu al-muḥāmī ilā an-nādī

Yes. That is also correct.

Compare the two:

• يذهب المحامي إلى النادي
• المحامي يذهب إلى النادي

Both mean the same basic thing, but the emphasis is slightly different:

• verb first is a very common neutral style in MSA
• subject first can sound a bit more like As for the lawyer, he goes to the club

So both are good Arabic, and choosing one or the other often depends on style or emphasis.

Because normal Arabic writing usually leaves out most short vowels and case endings.

So learners often see:

• يذهب المحامي إلى النادي

instead of a fully vocalized version.

Native readers usually understand the pronunciation from grammar and context.
Texts for children, religious texts, dictionaries, and beginner materials are more likely to include full vowel marks.

So this sentence is perfectly normal as written, even though it does not show every vowel sound explicitly.