يخصص صديقي المال ويقتصد.

This is very common in Arabic. The sentence يخصص صديقي المال ويقتصد is a verbal sentence, so it begins with a verb.

The order here is:

• يخصص = he allocates / he sets aside
• صديقي = my friend
• المال = the money / money
• ويقتصد = and he is economical / and he economizes

So Arabic often uses verb + subject + object, whereas English usually prefers subject + verb + object.

A more English-like Arabic order is also possible:

• صديقي يخصص المال ويقتصد

But the original verb-first order is very normal in MSA.

يخصص comes from the root خ ص ص and usually means:

• to allocate
• to assign
• to dedicate
• to set aside for a particular purpose

In this sentence, with المال, it most naturally means something like:

• he allocates money
• he sets money aside
• he earmarks money

So the idea is not just having money, but designating part of it for something specific.

The -ي at the end means my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

This is the possessive suffix for I / my.

Also, in normal fully vocalized Arabic, it would be صديقي with a long ī sound at the end.

Because صديقي is already definite by possession.

In Arabic, a noun becomes definite when it is possessed. So:

• صديق = a friend
• صديقي = my friend

You do not say الصديقي for my friend.

Possession already makes it specific.

المال literally has الـ, so it is formally the money.

But in Arabic, الـ is sometimes used in a broader, more general way than English the. Depending on context, المال can mean:

• the money
• money in a general sense
• wealth / funds

So in this sentence, it could be understood as:

• My friend allocates the money and is economical
• or more naturally, My friend sets aside money and is frugal

The exact English wording depends on context.

يقتصد comes from the root ق ص د, in Form VIII, and here it means:

• to be economical
• to be frugal
• to economize
• to spend moderately

So ويقتصد means:

• and he economizes
• and he is frugal
• and he spends carefully

It describes a habit or behavior of being careful with money and avoiding waste.

Not exactly.

They are related, but not identical:

• يقتصد = he is economical / he spends moderately
• يدخر = he saves up, stores for later
• يوفر = he saves, conserves, spares

So يقتصد focuses more on frugal behavior, while يدخر focuses more on putting money aside, and يوفر can mean save in a broader sense.

In this sentence, يخصص المال ويقتصد suggests both:

• he sets money aside
• and he acts frugally

The و simply means and.

So:

• يخصص صديقي المال = My friend allocates money
• ويقتصد = and he economizes

Arabic often connects two verbs this way. The subject صديقي is understood with the second verb too, so Arabic does not need to repeat it.

The full sense is:

• My friend allocates money, and he economizes.

Because Arabic, like English, can leave the subject understood when it is clear from context.

So after صديقي appears once, ويقتصد naturally means:

• and he economizes

You could repeat the subject for emphasis or clarity, but it is not necessary:

• يخصص صديقي المال وصديقي يقتصد

That sounds more repetitive and less natural in this case.

Yes. Both يخصص and يقتصد are in the imperfect form, which often corresponds to the present tense in English.

Depending on context, the imperfect can mean:

• present: he allocates
• habitual: he usually allocates
• near future: he will allocate

Here, the most natural reading is probably habitual or general present:

• My friend allocates money and is frugal
• My friend sets money aside and economizes

In Arabic, when the verb comes before the subject, the verb is often kept in the singular form.

Here:

• يخصص = singular masculine he allocates
• صديقي = my friend, singular masculine

So everything matches normally.

This rule becomes especially noticeable with plural subjects. For example, Arabic often uses a singular verb before a plural subject in verb-first order. In your sentence, since صديقي is singular anyway, the form is straightforward.

A careful pronunciation is roughly:

• yukhaṣṣiṣu ṣadīqī al-māla wa-yaqtaṣidu

A few notes:

• يخصص = yu-khaṣ-ṣi-ṣu
• صديقي = ṣa-dī-qī
• المال = al-māl(a) in full case-ending pronunciation
• ويقتصد = wa-yaq-ta-ṣi-du

In everyday reading without case endings, many learners would say something close to:

• yukhassis sadiiqii al-maal wa yaqtasid

But the more accurate MSA pronunciation uses the emphatic consonants and short vowels carefully.

Yes. المال is the direct object of يخصص.

So the structure is:

• يخصص = verb
• صديقي = subject
• المال = direct object

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, the object would take the accusative ending:

• المالَ

So a fully marked version would be:

• يُخَصِّصُ صَدِيقِي الْمَالَ وَيَقْتَصِدُ

But in normal unvoweled writing, that ending is usually not shown.

Yes, that is a very natural interpretation.

Taken together:

• يخصص المال suggests he sets aside or allocates money
• يقتصد suggests he spends carefully and avoids waste

So the sentence gives the idea that my friend handles money responsibly or is careful with finances. The exact nuance depends on the wider context, but that is a good overall understanding.