أرى أنحاء المدينة.

A careful MSA pronunciation is:

ʾarā ʾanḥāʾa al-madīnati

If you write the full case endings, it is:

أرى أنحاءَ المدينةِ

A rough English-friendly guide is:

a-RAA an-HAA-a al-ma-DEE-na-ti

Notes:

• أرى = ʾarā
• أنحاء has a clear ḥ sound, like a strong h
• المدينة = al-madīna, and with full case ending here: al-madīnati

أرى means I see here.

In Arabic, the verb itself usually already tells you the subject. So أرى already includes I, and you do not need to add أنا.

• أرى = I see
• أنا أرى = I see too, but with an explicit I, often for emphasis or contrast

So this sentence is completely normal without أنا.

Yes. This is an irregular verb.

The dictionary form is رأى = to see. Its present/imperfect form is يرى = he sees, so the I form is أرى = I see.

This verb does not behave like a fully regular verb because it contains a weak final element. That is why you get:

• يرى = he sees
• أرى = I see
• not a more regular-looking form

So the short answer is: أرى is just the standard irregular present form of رأى.

أنحاء is the plural of ناحية.

Depending on context, أنحاء can mean:

• areas
• parts
• regions
• sides
• sometimes aspects

So أنحاء المدينة can mean something like:

• the areas of the city
• the parts of the city
• the different sections of the city

The exact English wording depends on context.

The singular is ناحية.

So:

• ناحية = an area, side, region
• أنحاء = areas, sides, regions

This is a broken plural, which means the plural is formed by changing the internal shape of the word, not just by adding a regular ending.

Because أرى is a transitive verb: you see something.

Here, the thing being seen is أنحاء المدينة.

So أنحاء is the head of the object phrase, and it is in the accusative case.

With full vowel endings, you would write:

أرى أنحاءَ المدينةِ

So:

• أرى = verb
• أنحاءَ = direct object, accusative
• المدينةِ = genitive because of the construct phrase

This is an iḍāfa construction, often called a construct phrase.

أنحاء المدينة literally works like:

• areas the-city

But in natural English, it means:

• the areas of the city
• the city's areas

In Arabic, iḍāfa often expresses the meaning of of without using a separate word.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun is the thing possessed or defined: أنحاء
• the second noun comes after it in the genitive: المدينةِ

So المدينة is genitive because it is the second term of the iḍāfa.

Because in an iḍāfa, the first noun normally does not take ال.

Definiteness is determined by the second noun.

So:

• أنحاء مدينة = areas of a city / city areas, indefinite
• أنحاء المدينة = the areas of the city, definite

Even without ال on أنحاء, the whole phrase becomes definite because المدينة is definite.

Because ordinary Arabic writing usually leaves short vowels and most case endings unwritten.

So you normally see:

أرى أنحاء المدينة

But the fully vocalized grammatical form is:

أرى أنحاءَ المدينةِ

Also, because أنحاء is the first noun in an iḍāfa, it does not take tanwīn.

So you would not write it with tanwīn here.

Yes, أرى can sometimes mean I think or I consider, depending on context.

For example, in abstract or opinion-based contexts, it can mean:

• I think
• I believe
• I consider

But here the object is concrete: أنحاء المدينة. That strongly suggests the literal meaning I see.

So in this sentence, the natural reading is visual: I see the areas/parts of the city.

Yes, very different.

• أرى أنحاء المدينة = I see the areas/parts of the city
• في أنحاء المدينة = throughout the city / in the various parts of the city

So if you said:

أمشي في أنحاء المدينة it would mean: I walk throughout the city

But in your sentence, there is no في, so أنحاء المدينة is not an adverbial phrase. It is the thing being seen.

Yes. That is grammatical.

• أرى أنحاء المدينة = neutral, normal
• أنا أرى أنحاء المدينة = I see the areas of the city, with extra emphasis on I

Arabic often leaves the subject pronoun out when the verb already shows it, so the shorter version is usually the default.