يبدأ البرنامج المراقبة اليوم.

A common breakdown is:

• يبدأ = begins / starts (verb)
• البرنامج = the program (subject)
• المراقبة = the monitoring / surveillance (direct object, and also a verbal noun)
• اليوم = today (time expression)

So the sentence pattern is basically:

verb + subject + object + time

Because that is very normal in Arabic.

Arabic often uses a verbal sentence, where the order is:

verb + subject + rest

So يبدأ البرنامج... is a standard MSA structure.

You could also say:

البرنامج يبدأ المراقبة اليوم

That is also grammatical, but it puts a little more focus on the program itself.

المراقبة is a verbal noun (called a maṣdar). It means something like:

• monitoring
• surveillance
• observation

Arabic often uses a verbal noun where English would use an -ing form.

So instead of saying something like starts monitoring with a separate -ing form, Arabic can say يبدأ المراقبة using the noun المراقبة.

Because Arabic often makes nouns definite when they refer to a known or understood activity, event, or process.

So المراقبة can mean:

• the monitoring
• the surveillance
• or, in smoother English, just monitoring

In translation, English may not always keep the word the, even when Arabic has الـ.

Good question. With بدأ / يبدأ, Arabic can use more than one pattern.

You may see:

• يبدأ المراقبة = it begins the monitoring / it starts monitoring
• يبدأ بالمراقبة = it begins with monitoring / it starts monitoring

Both are possible. The version without بـ treats المراقبة more directly as the thing being started. The version with بـ is also very common and can sound slightly more idiomatic in some contexts.

It would normally be:

يَبْدَأُ البَرْنامَجُ المُراقَبَةَ اليَوْمَ

Those endings show the grammar:

• يبدأُ = verb
• البرنامجُ = subject in the nominative
• المراقبةَ = direct object in the accusative
• اليومَ = adverbial time expression, also accusative

In everyday Arabic writing, these short vowel endings are usually not written.

Because Arabic often uses time words directly as adverbs.

So:

• اليوم = today
• غدًا = tomorrow
• أمس = yesterday

No preposition is needed.

Using في would usually change the feel or structure, and in this sentence اليوم by itself is the natural choice.

It is pronounced roughly:

yabdaʾu

The final hamza is there because the root is:

ب د أ

So the hamza is part of the word itself, not something added by accident. That is why it stays in forms like يبدأ.

Because the subject البرنامج is grammatically masculine singular.

So the verb matches it:

• يبدأ = he/it begins for a masculine singular subject

Since البرنامج means the program, the verb takes the masculine singular form.

Not most naturally as written.

As written, the sentence is understood as:

• the program = the subject
• المراقبة = what the program begins

So it means something like The program begins monitoring today or The program begins the monitoring today, depending on context.

If you wanted the monitoring program starts today, you would more likely say something like:

يبدأ برنامجُ المراقبةِ اليومَ

where برنامج المراقبة means monitoring program.

It is understandable and grammatical, but Arabic offers a few natural alternatives depending on the nuance you want.

For example:

• يبدأ البرنامجُ المراقبةَ اليومَ
  The program begins the monitoring today

• يبدأ البرنامجُ بالمراقبةِ اليومَ
  The program starts monitoring today / starts with monitoring today

• تبدأ المراقبةُ اليومَ
  The monitoring begins today

So the original sentence works, but context may make one of these alternatives sound better.