يسجل صديقي الخروج.

Because verb-first word order is very common in Arabic, especially in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

• يسجل = the verb, he records / he logs
• صديقي = the subject, my friend
• الخروج = the object, the exit / check-out / departure depending on context

This verb-first pattern is called a verbal sentence.

Arabic could also use a subject-first order in some contexts:

• صديقي يسجل الخروج

That is also possible, but يسجل صديقي الخروج is a very normal MSA structure.

In the present tense, Arabic verbs often show the subject partly through a prefix.

Here, يسجل begins with يـ. In this kind of form, يـ commonly marks:

• he
• sometimes it, depending on the noun

So يسجل means he records / he is recording / he logs.

Arabic present tense can cover several English ideas depending on context, such as:

• he records
• he is recording
• he logs

Because Arabic verbs already contain subject information.

In English, you need:

• he records

But in Arabic, يسجل already includes the idea of he.

So a separate pronoun like هو is usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• هو يسجل الخروج = He is the one recording the exit / He records the exit

That would sound more emphatic than the original sentence.

صديقي means my friend.

It is made from:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديق → friend
• صديقي → my friend

This ending ـي is a possessive suffix attached directly to the noun.

A very important point: when Arabic uses this kind of possession, the noun usually does not take الـ.

So you say:

• صديقي = my friend

not:

• الصديقي

Because possession already makes the noun specific.

In Arabic, my friend is naturally definite because it refers to a specific friend belonging to me.

So Arabic expresses that with the possessive suffix:

• صديقي = my friend

Adding الـ would be incorrect here.

This is related to the Arabic iḍāfa-type possession pattern, where definiteness can come from the second part or from a possessive suffix.

It is a noun, specifically a verbal noun (often called a maṣdar).

It comes from the root connected with خرج (to go out / exit).

So الخروج means something like:

• the exiting
• the departure
• the exit
• checking out, depending on context

In this sentence, it functions as the object of the verb يسجل.

So the structure is basically:

• يسجل = records/logs
• صديقي = my friend
• الخروج = the exit / check-out / departure

Because it is being used as a definite noun: the exit / the departure / the check-out.

Arabic often uses الـ where English might or might not use the, depending on context and idiom.

So الخروج is not definite because it is the object; it is definite because the speaker is referring to a specific or understood action/event/concept.

Its role in the sentence is:

• direct object of يسجل

Its definiteness is shown by:

• الـ

These are two separate ideas:

• object = grammar role
• definite = meaning/reference

It is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb.

In fully vowelled Arabic, you would expect the object to show accusative marking, so it would be pronounced something like:

• الخروجَ in full case-marked reading

But in normal unvowelled writing, that final short vowel is usually not written, so you just see:

• الخروج

So even though the sentence as written does not show the ending, grammatically it is the object and therefore accusative.

صديقي is the subject of the verb, so grammatically it is nominative.

However, with a word like صديقي, the case ending is not clearly visible in the usual spelling because of the attached ـي (my).

So for a learner, the main thing to remember is:

• it is the subject
• therefore it is nominative
• the visible spelling does not clearly show the usual nominative ending

This is very common with nouns attached to possessive suffixes.

يسجل comes from the root:

• س ج ل

The basic meaning of this root area is related to recording, registering, or logging.

The verb here is from Form II:

• past: سجّل
• present: يسجّل

Form II often has an idea like:

• causing/intensifying
• making something happen in a more active or deliberate way
• doing the action in a formal or recorded sense

So يسجل is not just any random verb form; it belongs to a common derived verb pattern in Arabic.

A careful pronunciation would be approximately:

• yusajjilu ṣadīqī al-khurūj(a)

A few notes:

• يسجل = yu-saj-ji-lu
• صديقي = ṣa-dī-qī
• الخروج = al-khu-rūj

If full case endings are pronounced in formal reading, the last word may end with an -a sound because it is the direct object:

• al-khurūja

In everyday careful MSA pronunciation, many speakers do not fully pronounce every final case ending unless reading very formally.

Because the Arabic present tense often covers both ideas.

So يسجل can mean:

• he records
• he is recording
• he logs
• he is logging

The exact English translation depends on context.

Arabic does not require a separate form the way English distinguishes clearly between:

• he records
• he is recording

So the same Arabic form can match both.

Not by itself in the same way English can.

In this sentence, الخروج is a noun, and يسجل takes it as an object. So the structure is more like:

• my friend records/logs the exit/check-out/departure

It does not simply say my friend exits.

If Arabic wanted to say my friend exits/goes out, it would use a verb from خرج, such as:

• يخرج صديقي = my friend goes out / exits

So the original sentence is specifically about recording or registering the exit/check-out, not performing the exit itself.

Yes. Arabic allows some flexibility.

You could also say:

• صديقي يسجل الخروج

That would still mean the same basic thing.

But the emphasis or style can shift a little:

• يسجل صديقي الخروج = more typically verb-first, a standard verbal sentence
• صديقي يسجل الخروج = puts my friend first, which may feel slightly more topic-oriented or emphatic depending on context

Both are grammatical in MSA.