يلقي العريس نخبا ويهنئ العروس.

A fully vocalized version is:

يُلْقِي العَرِيسُ نُخْبًا وَيُهَنِّئُ العَرُوسَ.

A helpful transliteration is:

yulqī al-ʿarīsu nukhban wa-yuhanniʾu al-ʿarūsa

A few pronunciation notes:

• يُلْقِي = yulqī
• العريس = al-ʿarīs
• نُخْبًا = nukhban
• يُهَنِّئُ = yuhanniʾu
  
  • the ئ represents a hamza, a brief glottal stop
  • the ّ means the n sound is doubled
• العروس = al-ʿarūs

Because Arabic often uses verb-subject-object order, especially in straightforward narrative sentences.

So here:

• يلقي = delivers / gives
• العريس = the groom

Literally, the structure is:

• delivers the groom a toast
• and congratulates the bride

In natural English, we usually switch that to:

• The groom gives a toast and congratulates the bride.

Arabic can also use subject-verb-object order:

العريس يلقي نخبًا ويهنئ العروس.

That is also correct, but the version with the verb first is very normal in MSA.

Because the verb already shows the subject.

Both يلقي and يهنئ are third-person masculine singular verbs, so they already mean:

• he gives / he delivers
• he congratulates

Then العريس is added to specify who that he is.

So Arabic does not need a separate subject pronoun like هو here. Using هو would usually be unnecessary unless you wanted emphasis.

They are in the imperfect form, which often covers what English calls the present tense.

Depending on context, the Arabic imperfect can mean things like:

• gives / congratulates
• is giving / is congratulating
• sometimes even future, if the context shows that

In this sentence, the most natural reading is present-time narration:

• The groom gives a toast and congratulates the bride.

They come from these past-tense dictionary forms:

• ألقى → يلقي
  meaning to deliver, cast, give
• هنّأ → يهنئ
  meaning to congratulate

So:

• يلقي نخبًا = he gives/delivers a toast
• يهنئ العروس = he congratulates the bride

This is useful because learners often look up verbs in the past tense singular masculine form in dictionaries.

Because it is an indefinite direct object in the accusative, and in fully vocalized Arabic it would be written:

نُخْبًا

That final written ا is the usual spelling that goes with tanwīn fatḥ (-an) in many words.

So:

• نخبًا = a toast
• it is indefinite because it does not have ال
• it is accusative because it is the direct object of يلقي

This is why you see:

• العريسُ = subject
• نخبًا = direct object

Because العروس is definite: it has الـ at the beginning, meaning the bride.

In Arabic:

• indefinite nouns can take tanwīn
• definite nouns do not take tanwīn

So:

• نخبًا = a toast → indefinite
• العروسَ = the bride → definite

In a fully vocalized version, العروس would have a single fatḥa as a direct object:

العروسَ

but in normal everyday writing, short vowels are usually omitted.

و means and.

In Arabic, short words like و are usually attached directly to the following word, so:

• و + يهنئ becomes
• ويهنئ

It links the two actions:

• يلقي نخبًا = he gives a toast
• ويهنئ العروس = and he congratulates the bride

Arabic does not need to repeat العريس after و because the subject is understood to stay the same.

In full formal case marking, the sentence is:

يُلْقِي العَرِيسُ نُخْبًا وَيُهَنِّئُ العَرُوسَ.

The endings are:

• العريسُ with -u because it is the subject
• نخبًا with -an because it is an indefinite direct object
• العروسَ with -a because it is a definite direct object

So the grammar is:

• verb: يلقي
• subject: العريسُ
• object: نخبًا
• verb: يهنئ
• object: العروسَ

In ordinary printed Arabic, these short vowel endings are usually not written, but they are still part of the formal grammar.

Not very naturally.

A very literal breakdown is:

• يلقي = delivers / gives
• العريس = the groom
• نخبًا = a toast
• ويهنئ = and congratulates
• العروس = the bride

But good English would normally be:

The groom gives a toast and congratulates the bride.

So this is a good example of how Arabic and English often express the same idea with different word order, even when the meaning is simple.