يجلس المدعوون، بما في ذلك مصور الزفاف، قرب العروس.

Because in this sentence the verb comes before the subject.

In standard Arabic, when the order is:

• verb + subject

the verb is often kept in the singular, even if the subject is plural.

So:

• يجلس المدعوون = The invitees sit / are sitting

Here:

• يجلس = singular masculine verb
• المدعوون = plural subject

If you put the subject first, then the verb normally agrees fully in number:

• المدعوون يجلسون = The invitees are sitting

Both are correct, but the original sentence uses the very common verb-first structure.

المدعوون means the invited ones or more naturally the invitees / the guests.

It comes from the verb دعا = to call / invite.

The singular is:

• مدعوّ = invited

This is a passive participle, meaning someone who has been invited.

Then it is made plural:

• مدعوّون = invited ones
• المدعوون = the invited ones

So the word is not just a random noun; it is built from the verb and literally describes people who have been invited.

Because it is a sound masculine plural in the nominative case.

The endings for this type of plural are:

• -ون in the nominative
• -ين in the accusative and genitive

So here:

• المدعوون is the subject of the sentence
• subjects are normally nominative
• therefore the ending is -ون

If the word were in a different case, you would get المدعوين instead.

بما في ذلك means including.

A more literal breakdown is:

• بـ = with / by
• ما = a word that helps form the expression
• في = in
• ذلك = that

As a full expression, though, you should learn it as a fixed phrase:

• بما في ذلك = including

So:

• بما في ذلك مصور الزفاف = including the wedding photographer

It is very common in formal Arabic and works much like an inserted parenthetical phrase in English.

Because مصور الزفاف is an iḍāfa construction, or possessive construction.

It literally means:

• مصور = photographer
• الزفاف = the wedding

Together:

• مصور الزفاف = the photographer of the wedding
• more naturally: the wedding photographer

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the second noun can be definite with ال

So you say:

• مصور الزفاف

not:

• المصور الزفاف

The whole phrase becomes definite because the second part is definite.

Arabic often expresses relationships between nouns through iḍāfa rather than adjectives.

So instead of saying something like wedding-related photographer as an adjective structure, Arabic naturally says:

• مصور الزفاف = photographer of the wedding

This is the normal and idiomatic way to say wedding photographer.

A learner should get used to the fact that English compound nouns often become iḍāfa in Arabic:

• car door → باب السيارة
• school library → مكتبة المدرسة
• wedding photographer → مصور الزفاف

Here قرب means near.

It often behaves like an adverbial noun or a noun used in a prepositional-like way, rather than a simple preposition exactly like في or من.

So:

• قرب العروس = near the bride

You may also see:

• بالقرب من العروس = near the bride

Both are correct, but قرب العروس is shorter and more direct.

So for a learner, the easiest practical understanding is:

• قرب + noun = near + noun

Because قرب is followed by the thing someone is near.

So:

• قرب العروس = near the bride

Grammatically, العروس is in a dependent position after قرب, much like the second part of an iḍāfa-like structure.

That is why the phrase works as one unit:

• قرب العروس = the vicinity of the bride / near the bride

For learning purposes, it is best to memorize قرب as a word that is naturally followed by a noun:

• قرب البيت = near the house
• قرب المدرسة = near the school
• قرب العروس = near the bride

Yes. العروس has الـ, so it means the bride.

Without الـ, it would be:

• عروس = a bride / bride

With الـ:

• العروس = the bride

So the sentence is referring to a specific bride, not just any bride.

Because that part is a parenthetical insertion, just like in English.

The main sentence is:

• يجلس المدعوون قرب العروس
  The invitees sit near the bride

Then the sentence inserts extra information:

• بما في ذلك مصور الزفاف
  including the wedding photographer

So the commas show that this phrase is additional information inside the main statement.

Yes, that is correct too.

Compare:

• يجلس المدعوون قرب العروس
• المدعوون يجلسون قرب العروس

Both can mean the same thing.

The difference is mainly in structure and style:

1. يجلس المدعوون...
   More typical verb-first Arabic sentence.

2. المدعوون يجلسون...
   Subject-first structure, often giving a little more focus to the invitees.

Also note the agreement difference:

• after a first-position verb: يجلس المدعوون
• after a first-position subject: المدعوون يجلسون

In Arabic, the imperfect form يجلس can cover both:

• sits
• is sitting / are sitting

The exact English translation depends on context.

So this sentence could be understood as:

• The invitees sit near the bride
• The invitees are sitting near the bride

In many real contexts, English would prefer are sitting, but Arabic does not need a separate verb form here to express that.

Literally, it means the invited ones. In context, that often naturally means:

• the guests
• the invitees

So both are possible translations depending on style.

If the context is a wedding, المدعوون will usually be understood as the invited guests. The Arabic word keeps the idea of invitation more clearly than English guests does.