يعاين مدقق الطاقة النافذة المزدوجة الزجاج الجديدة.

Because verb-first order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic.

This sentence follows a VSO pattern:

• يعاين = the verb
• مدقق الطاقة = the subject
• النافذة المزدوجة الزجاج الجديدة = the object

English usually prefers SVO order (The energy auditor inspects...), but Arabic often begins with the verb, especially in formal written style.

يعاين is a present/imperfect tense verb, 3rd person masculine singular.

It means something like:

• he inspects
• he examines
• he checks

Its basic dictionary form is عاين.

So in this sentence, يعاين agrees with the subject مدقق الطاقة, which is singular and masculine.

This is because مدقق الطاقة is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construct.

Structure:

• مدقق = auditor
• الطاقة = the energy

Together, they mean auditor of the energy, or more naturally energy auditor.

Important rule: In an iḍāfa, the first noun usually does not take الـ, even when the whole phrase is definite. The definiteness comes from the second noun.

So:

• مدقق طاقة = an energy auditor
• مدقق الطاقة = the energy auditor

There are two main clues:

1. Word order
   In a normal verb-first sentence, the noun right after the verb is usually the subject.

2. Case endings
   In fully vocalized Arabic, the subject would be nominative, and the object would be accusative.

Fully vocalized, it would be approximately:

يُعايِنُ مُدَقِّقُ الطَّاقَةِ النَّافِذَةَ المُزْدَوِجَةَ الزُّجاجِ الجَديدَةَ

Here:

• مُدَقِّقُ = nominative subject
• النَّافِذَةَ = accusative object

In normal unvowelled writing, learners often rely on word order and context.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• النافذة = the window
• الجديدة = the new

Together:

• النافذة الجديدة = the new window

This is the opposite of English, where adjectives usually come before the noun.

Because Arabic adjectives must match the noun they describe in definiteness.

Since النافذة is definite (the window), its adjectives must also be definite:

• النافذة
• المزدوجة
• الجديدة

If the noun were indefinite, the adjectives would also be indefinite:

• نافذة مزدوجة الزجاج جديدة = a new double-glazed window

This matching of definiteness is a very important rule in Arabic.

المزدوجة is the adjective-like word here, and الزجاج is a noun that completes its meaning.

The phrase means double-glazed or literally something like double in the glass / having double glass.

So:

• المزدوجة = doubled / double
• الزجاج = the glass

Together, المزدوجة الزجاج functions as a descriptive unit for النافذة.

This is similar to other Arabic patterns where a descriptive word is followed by a noun in a genitive relationship, such as:

• طويل الشعر = long-haired
• قوي الإرادة = strong-willed

So الزجاج is not a separate adjective agreeing with النافذة. It is part of the expression that explains what is doubled.

Because they are feminine singular forms.

The noun نافذة is feminine singular, so its adjectives must agree with it in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

That is why you get:

• النافذة = feminine singular noun
• المزدوجة = feminine singular adjective
• الجديدة = feminine singular adjective

This agreement is very regular in Arabic.

If fully marked, the sentence would show several different cases:

• يُعايِنُ = verb
• مُدَقِّقُ = nominative, because it is the subject
• الطَّاقَةِ = genitive, because it is the second term of the iḍāfa
• النَّافِذَةَ = accusative, because it is the direct object
• المُزْدَوِجَةَ = accusative, because it describes the object
• الزُّجاجِ = genitive, because it depends on المزدوجة
• الجَديدَةَ = accusative, because it also describes the object

So the sentence contains:

• nominative for the subject
• accusative for the object and its agreeing adjectives
• genitive inside the iḍāfa-type relationships

Yes. That would be a normal subject-first sentence.

Compare:

• يعاين مدقق الطاقة النافذة... = verb-first, more classically formal in style
• مدقق الطاقة يعاين النافذة... = subject-first, often a bit more straightforward or emphatic on the subject

Both are grammatical. The difference is mostly one of style, emphasis, and sentence flow, not basic meaning.

A useful way is to group the sentence like this:

• يعاين
• مدقق الطاقة
• النافذة المزدوجة الزجاج الجديدة

Then inside the object phrase:

• النافذة = head noun
• المزدوجة الزجاج = descriptive phrase meaning double-glazed
• الجديدة = another adjective, new

So the object is one noun phrase with layered description.

A good reading strategy for Arabic is:

1. Find the main noun.
2. Look for following adjectives that agree with it.
3. Watch for iḍāfa relationships inside those descriptions.

That makes long Arabic noun phrases much easier to parse.