يشرح صديقي البرنامج ببساطة.

Yes:

• يشرح = he explains / he is explaining
• صديقي = my friend
• البرنامج = the program
• ببساطة = simply / in a simple way

So the structure is:

• verb
  • subject
    • object
      • adverbial phrase

Because Arabic very often uses verb-first order, especially in Modern Standard Arabic.

This sentence is a verbal sentence:

• يشرح صديقي البرنامج ببساطة

Literally, the order is:

• explains my friend the program simply

In natural English, we switch that to:

• My friend explains the program simply

Arabic can also use:

• صديقي يشرح البرنامج ببساطة

But starting with the verb is very common and often feels more neutral or standard in formal Arabic.

يشرح is the imperfect verb form, 3rd person masculine singular.

That means it can mean:

• he explains
• he is explaining

Its root is ش ر ح, which has the basic idea of explaining or clarifying.

The subject here is صديقي (my friend), which is masculine singular, so يشرح matches it.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

In MSA, the imperfect often covers:

• simple present: he explains
• present continuous: he is explaining
• sometimes even near future, if context makes that clear

So without extra context, يشرح صديقي البرنامج ببساطة could mean:

• My friend explains the program simply
• My friend is explaining the program simply

English usually forces you to choose more clearly than Arabic does.

Because Arabic often expresses possession by attaching a suffix to the noun.

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديقي = my friend

This ـي is a possessive suffix, sometimes called ياء المتكلم.

So Arabic does not need a separate word for my here.

Because it is already made definite by possession.

صديقي means my friend, and something that belongs to me is already specific/definite.

So Arabic says:

• صديقي = my friend

not:

• الصديقي

This is a normal rule: when a noun has a possessive suffix like ـي (my), you do not add ال.

البرنامج is the direct object, so it is in the accusative case.

The verb is يشرح (explains), and the thing being explained is البرنامج (the program).

In fully vowelled Arabic, it would be:

• الْبَرْنَامَجَ

That final ـَ shows the accusative.

In normal Arabic writing, short case endings are usually not written, so you just see:

• البرنامج

Literally, ببساطة means with simplicity.

It is made from:

• بـ = with / by / in
• بساطة = simplicity

Together:

• ببساطة = simply / in a simple way

Arabic often uses a preposition plus a noun to express something that English would express with an adverb.

So instead of a separate adverb meaning exactly simply, Arabic commonly says:

• ببساطة = with simplicity

It would usually be written:

يَشْرَحُ صَدِيقِي الْبَرْنَامَجَ بِبَسَاطَةٍ.

A few notes:

• يَشْرَحُ = nominative ending on the imperfect verb
• صَدِيقِي = the subject, so it is nominative in function
• الْبَرْنَامَجَ = accusative, because it is the direct object
• بِبَسَاطَةٍ = genitive after the preposition بِ

In everyday printed Arabic, most of these short vowels are omitted.

Yes, absolutely.

That version uses subject-first order:

• صديقي يشرح البرنامج ببساطة

It is also correct. The difference is mostly one of style, emphasis, or information structure.

Very roughly:

• يشرح صديقي البرنامج ببساطة = more neutral, classic verb-first style
• صديقي يشرح البرنامج ببساطة = puts a bit more attention on my friend

Both are grammatical in MSA.

You would change both the noun and the verb:

• تشرح صديقتي البرنامج ببساطة.

Breakdown:

• تشرح = she explains / she is explaining
• صديقتي = my female friend

So the masculine version is:

• يشرح صديقي البرنامج ببساطة

And the feminine version is:

• تشرح صديقتي البرنامج ببساطة