أسلاك العجلة قرب محور العجلة.

In Modern Standard Arabic, a present-tense sentence like this often has no written or spoken copula. In other words, Arabic usually does not say is/are in simple present statements.

So:

• أسلاك العجلة قرب محور العجلة
• literally: The spokes of the wheel near the axle of the wheel
• natural English: The wheel’s spokes are near the wheel’s axle

If you wanted past tense, Arabic would usually add a verb such as كان:

• كانت أسلاك العجلة قرب محور العجلة = The wheel’s spokes were near the axle

Yes. أسلاك العجلة is an iḍāfa construction, which is often translated as X of Y or Y’s X.

Here:

• أسلاك = spokes / wires
• العجلة = the wheel

So أسلاك العجلة means:

• the spokes of the wheel
• the wheel’s spokes

Why no الـ on أسلاك?

Because in a normal iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the second noun determines whether the whole phrase is definite

Since العجلة is definite, the whole phrase أسلاك العجلة is definite too.

So even without الـ on أسلاك, the phrase still means the wheel’s spokes, not just spokes of a wheel.

Yes, محور العجلة is another iḍāfa.

It works exactly the same way:

• محور = axle / hub-axis
• العجلة = the wheel

So:

• محور العجلة = the axle of the wheel / the wheel’s axle

Again, the first noun in the iḍāfa, محور, normally does not take الـ.

That means this sentence contains two iḍāfas:

1. أسلاك العجلة
2. محور العجلة

This kind of repeated structure is very common in Arabic.

Here قرب means near or close to, and it functions as an adverbial noun of place rather than a simple preposition in the same way as English near.

In this sentence:

• قرب محور العجلة = near the wheel’s axle

A useful way to think of it is:

• قرب
  • noun in an iḍāfa-like relationship

So Arabic can say:

• قربَ محورِ العجلةِ

without needing من.

This is different from another very common pattern:

• بالقرب من محور العجلة = near the wheel’s axle
• قريبة من محور العجلة = close to the wheel’s axle

All of these are possible, but the structure in your sentence uses قرب directly.

Yes, absolutely.

That would be a very natural alternative:

• أسلاك العجلة قريبة من محور العجلة

This uses:

• قريبة = close
• من = to / from, depending on context, but here it gives close to

A very important grammar point is that أسلاك is a non-human plural, and in MSA, non-human plurals often take feminine singular agreement.

So Arabic says:

• أسلاك العجلة قريبة not
• أسلاك العجلة قريبات

That may feel strange at first to English speakers, but it is standard Arabic grammar.

Yes, Arabic can use a pronoun, but repeating the noun is also very normal, especially when the sentence is being kept clear and explicit.

Your sentence says:

• أسلاك العجلة = the wheel’s spokes
• محور العجلة = the wheel’s axle

Arabic repeats العجلة because each noun phrase is a separate iḍāfa.

If the context is already clear, you could shorten it with pronouns, for example:

• أسلاكها قرب محورها = its spokes are near its axle

But that version depends more on context. The repeated noun version is clearer for learners and very normal in formal Arabic.

With full case endings, it would typically be:

أَسْلاكُ العَجَلَةِ قُرْبَ مِحْوَرِ العَجَلَةِ

A rough breakdown:

• أَسْلاكُ
  nominative, because it is the subject/topic of the nominal sentence

• العَجَلَةِ
  genitive, because it is the second term of the iḍāfa

• قُرْبَ
  accusative, because it functions as an adverbial expression of place

• مِحْوَرِ
  genitive, because it is linked to قرب in an iḍāfa-like structure

• العَجَلَةِ
  genitive again, because it is the second term of محور العجلة

In normal pause pronunciation, many speakers will not fully pronounce all these endings, but they are important in formal grammar.

The singular is:

• سِلْك = wire

The plural:

• أَسْلاك = wires / spokes

This is a broken plural, not a regular sound plural. That means the word changes its internal pattern rather than just adding a suffix like:

• ـون / ـين
• or ـات

Broken plurals are extremely common in Arabic, so it is worth learning them as vocabulary items.

In this sentence, أسلاك refers to the wheel’s metal spokes.