يرى الولد الكلب.

With full case endings, it is pronounced:

yarā al-waladu al-kalba

A few notes:

• يرى = yarā
• الولد = al-waladu
• الكلب = al-kalba

In normal pause, final short vowels are often not pronounced, so you may also hear something closer to:

yarā al-walad al-kalb

Both are related to the same written sentence; the first shows the full grammatical endings more clearly.

يرى is a verb in the present/imperfect tense meaning he sees.

In this sentence, English translates it naturally as sees, but depending on context, Arabic present-tense verbs can also mean things like:

• he sees
• he is seeing
• he does see

So Arabic present tense is broader than the simple English present.

In Modern Standard Arabic, many present-tense verbs begin with a prefix that shows the person.

Here, يـ marks third person masculine singular, so يرى means:

• he sees

This same pattern appears in many verbs. For example, the يـ often corresponds to he in the present tense.

Because verb-subject-object is a very common and standard word order in Arabic, especially in formal written Arabic.

So:

• يرى الولد الكلب = literally sees the boy the dog

But in natural English, we say:

• The boy sees the dog

Arabic can also use subject-verb-object order:

• الولد يرى الكلب

That is also correct. The verb-first order often sounds more neutral or formal in MSA.

In fully vowelled Arabic, the endings show their roles:

• الولدُ = al-waladu → nominative → the subject
• الكلبَ = al-kalba → accusative → the object

So the fully marked sentence is:

يرى الولدُ الكلبَ

That tells you clearly that:

• the boy is doing the seeing
• the dog is being seen

In unvowelled writing, learners often rely on context and grammar knowledge to figure this out.

If you write the sentence with full vowel marks, it is:

يرى الولدُ الكلبَ

The case endings are:

• ـُ on الولدُ: nominative, because it is the subject
• ـَ on الكلبَ: accusative, because it is the direct object

The verb يرى does not take a case ending in the same way nouns do.

Because الـ is the Arabic definite article, meaning the.

So:

• الولد = the boy
• الكلب = the dog

Arabic uses الـ directly on the noun, instead of having a separate word like English the.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Arabic present tense often covers both:

• he sees
• he is seeing

Without extra context, يرى الولد الكلب is usually translated as the simple present:

• The boy sees the dog

But in the right situation, it could also be understood as:

• The boy is seeing the dog

Yes. That is also correct.

So both are possible:

• يرى الولد الكلب
• الولد يرى الكلب

The difference is mostly one of style, focus, and sentence structure.

Very roughly:

• يرى الولد الكلب = more classical/formal/neutral verb-first structure
• الولد يرى الكلب = subject-first, often a bit more like English structure, and can give slightly more emphasis to the boy

In this particular sentence, the meaning is basically the same.

The subject الولد is singular, so the verb is singular too.

Here:

• الولد = the boy → singular masculine
• يرى = he sees → singular masculine

So the agreement matches.

This is straightforward here because the subject is singular. With plural subjects, Arabic agreement rules can become more interesting, especially in verb-first sentences.

That final ى is called alif maqṣūrah.

In this word, it represents a final long ā sound, so:

• يرى is pronounced yarā, not yarī

This spelling appears in certain words and verb forms. For a learner, the most important thing here is simply:

• final ى in يرى sounds like ā

That is one of the big challenges for learners of Arabic.

Most normal Arabic writing leaves out short vowels, so you learn to recover them from:

• vocabulary knowledge
• grammar
• sentence structure
• context

For this sentence, an experienced reader knows:

• يرى is a common verb
• الولد is a noun meaning the boy
• الكلب is a noun meaning the dog
• the structure strongly suggests the boy is the subject and the dog is the object

When texts are written for learners, children, or religious/very precise contexts, vowel marks are often added to make this clearer.

Yes. In both words, the ل of الـ is pronounced.

That is because:

• و in الولد is a moon letter
• ك in الكلب is also a moon letter

So you pronounce:

• al-walad
• al-kalb

If the noun began with a sun letter, the ل sound would assimilate instead. But that does not happen here.