يذكر خطاب التوصية الكفاءة والإنجاز.

It is a verbal sentence in Arabic, because it starts with a verb: يذكر.

The basic structure is:

• verb: يذكر
• subject: خطاب التوصية
• direct objects: الكفاءة والإنجاز

So the pattern here is the very common Arabic order verb + subject + object.

In this sentence:

• خطاب التوصية is the subject: the thing doing the action
• الكفاءة and الإنجاز are the direct objects: the things being mentioned

If the sentence is fully vowelled, the case endings make this especially clear:

• خِطابُ = nominative, so it is the subject
• الكفاءةَ and الإنجازَ = accusative, so they are direct objects

Without short vowels written, learners usually identify this from word order and meaning.

Because Arabic very often uses verb-first order. Starting with the verb is completely normal in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

• يذكر خطاب التوصية الكفاءة والإنجاز = normal verbal sentence
• خطاب التوصية يذكر الكفاءة والإنجاز = also correct, but now the subject is placed first for a slightly more topic-focused feel

In English, subject-first is usually the default. In Arabic, both are possible, but verb-first is extremely common.

Because this is an iḍāfa construction, often called the construct phrase.

In Arabic, instead of saying letter of recommendation with a separate word for of, Arabic puts two nouns together:

• خطاب = letter / document / communication
• التوصية = recommendation

Together, خطاب التوصية literally works like letter recommendation, but in English we translate it as letter of recommendation or recommendation letter.

Because in an iḍāfa construction, the second noun is put in the genitive.

So in fully vowelled form, you would have:

• خِطابُ التَّوصِيَةِ

Here:

• خِطابُ is nominative because it is the subject
• التوصيةِ is genitive because it is the second term of the iḍāfa

This is one of the most important Arabic noun patterns to recognize.

Because the subject is خطاب, and خطاب is singular masculine.

Even though خطاب التوصية has two words, the head noun is still خطاب. That is the noun that controls agreement.

So the verb is:

• masculine
• singular

The word التوصية does not make the whole subject feminine. It just completes the iḍāfa.

Yes. The verb يذكر comes from the root ذ ك ر, which has a range of meanings related to mentioning and remembering.

Depending on context, يذكر can mean things like:

• mentions
• states
• refers to
• remembers

In this sentence, because the subject is a recommendation letter and the objects are qualities or accomplishments, mentions is the best fit.

Because both nouns are being treated as definite.

Arabic often uses the definite article with abstract nouns when speaking about them as recognized qualities or categories, such as:

• الكفاءة = competence
• الإنجاز = achievement

Also, when two definite nouns are joined with و (and), Arabic normally gives each noun its own article:

• الكفاءة والإنجاز

That is more natural than putting ال only on the first noun.

They are singular forms.

That is normal, because Arabic often uses singular abstract nouns to talk about general qualities or concepts:

• الكفاءة = competence / proficiency
• الإنجاز = achievement / accomplishment

This is similar to English, where we can also use singular abstract nouns:

• The letter mentions competence and achievement

If you used plurals, the meaning would shift toward multiple competencies or multiple achievements more explicitly.

A fully vowelled version would be:

يَذْكُرُ خِطابُ التَّوصِيَةِ الكَفاءةَ وَالْإِنْجازَ

Those endings show the grammar:

• يَذْكُرُ: imperfect verb in the indicative
• خِطابُ: nominative, so it is the subject
• التَّوصِيَةِ: genitive, because it is the second noun in the iḍāfa
• الكَفاءةَ: accusative, direct object
• الْإِنْجازَ: accusative, direct object

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so learners have to infer them.

An approximate careful pronunciation is:

yadhkuru khiṭābu t-tawṣiyati l-kafāʾata wal-ʾinjāza

A few helpful notes:

• ذ in يذكر sounds like th in this
• خ sounds like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach
• التوصية is pronounced at-tawṣiya... in connected speech because ت is a sun letter, so the l of al- assimilates
• The final ة is often heard as -a / -ah in pause, but in a fully inflected formal reading it is pronounced with t before the case vowel:
  • التوصيةِ → at-tawṣiyati
  • الكفاءةَ → al-kafāʾata

Yes, that is also correct.

Compare:

• يذكر خطاب التوصية الكفاءة والإنجاز = verb-first, very standard verbal sentence
• خطاب التوصية يذكر الكفاءة والإنجاز = subject-first, more topic-first in feel

The meaning is basically the same here. Since the subject is singular, the verb form stays the same.

Not always. خطاب can have several related meanings, including:

• speech
• address
• discourse
• formal letter / written communication

In the expression خطاب التوصية, it clearly means a recommendation letter or letter of recommendation, not a speech. Context tells you which meaning is intended.