السيرة الذاتية هنا.

Because this is a nominal sentence in the present tense. In Arabic, the verb to be is usually not written or spoken in simple present-tense sentences.

So:

السيرة الذاتية هنا
literally looks like the CV here,
but it means The CV is here.

If you wanted a past-tense version, you would use a form of كان:

كانت السيرة الذاتية هنا = The CV was here

Because الذاتية is an adjective describing السيرة.

In Arabic, adjectives normally match the noun they describe in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

So if the noun is definite, the adjective must also be definite:

• السيرة = the biography / the CV
• الذاتية = self-related / personal

Together: السيرة الذاتية

This is not an iḍāfa construction like باب البيت (the door of the house).
It is a noun + adjective phrase.

Grammatically, الذاتية is an adjective modifying السيرة.

But in actual usage, السيرة الذاتية is also a very common set phrase meaning:

• CV
• résumé
• sometimes autobiography, depending on context

So both things are true:

• grammatically: noun + adjective
• practically: a common lexical expression

Because هنا is the predicate here, and Arabic often places the topic/subject first and the comment about it after it.

So:

السيرة الذاتية هنا
= The CV is here

This is a very natural order.

Arabic word order is flexible, though, so you could also say:

هنا السيرة الذاتية

That would sound more like:

• Here is the CV
• or The CV is here, right here

So the original sentence is neutral and straightforward.

The sentence is a nominal sentence made of:

• السيرة الذاتية = the subject (مبتدأ)
• هنا = the predicate (خبر)

More precisely:

• السيرة is the head noun
• الذاتية is its adjective
• هنا is an adverb of place functioning as the predicate

So the structure is:

[subject] + [location predicate]

which gives the meaning The CV is here.

In fully vocalized MSA, it would be:

السيرةُ الذاتيةُ هنا

Why?

• السيرةُ is nominative because it is the مبتدأ
• الذاتيةُ is also nominative because it is an adjective agreeing with السيرة
• هنا is indeclinable, so it does not take a regular case ending

In normal writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so you just see:

السيرة الذاتية هنا

A careful pronunciation is:

as-sīratu adh-dhātiyyatu hunā

A pause-form pronunciation, which is more common in normal speech, is closer to:

as-sīra adh-dhātiyya hunā

A couple of pronunciation points:

• In السيرة, the ل of الـ assimilates to س, so you get as-
• In الذاتية, the ل of الـ assimilates to ذ, so you get adh-dhā...

That happens because س and ذ are sun letters.

Because it is describing السيرة, and سيرة is a feminine singular noun.

Arabic adjectives must agree with the noun they describe, so the adjective is also feminine singular:

• سيرة → feminine singular
• ذاتية → feminine singular adjective

That is why you do not say الذاتي here.

Yes. السيرة الذاتية can mean:

• autobiography
• CV / résumé

The intended meaning depends on the context.

For example:

• in a job application context, it usually means CV / résumé
• in a literary context, it may mean autobiography

So a learner should know that this phrase has more than one common meaning, even though the grammar stays the same.

Not as a normal equivalent of this sentence.

السيرة الذاتية هنا is a complete, natural sentence meaning The CV is here.

If you say سيرة ذاتية هنا, it becomes indefinite: a CV here. That does not work as smoothly as a standard nominal sentence in MSA unless the context strongly supports it, and it may sound more like a label, note, or fragment.

So for the basic sentence The CV is here, the definite form السيرة الذاتية هنا is the natural choice.