منذ أن قلمنا الساق، ينمو البرعم.

منذ أن means since when it introduces a whole clause.

• منذ by itself often means since or for with a time expression:
  • منذ يومين = for/since two days
• منذ أن is used before a verb clause:
  • منذ أن قلّمنا الساق = since we pruned the stem

So the أن helps turn what follows into a clause after since.

Because unvoweled Arabic spelling can be ambiguous.

The letters قلمنا could represent:

• قَلَمُنا = our pen
• قَلَّمْنا = we pruned / we trimmed

In this sentence, the context makes it clear that it is the verb قَلَّمْنا.

A learner should know that Arabic often omits short vowels and marks like shadda in normal writing, so you have to use context to identify the word.

The base verb is قلَّمَ, which means to prune, trim, clip.

• قلَّمَ = he pruned
• قلَّمْنا = we pruned

The ending -نا is the subject ending meaning we.

So قلّمنا الساق literally means we pruned the stem.

Yes. The important feature is the doubled middle consonant.

It is pronounced qallamnā, not qalamnā.

That doubling comes from the shadda on ل in the fully marked form:

• قَلَّمْنا

This is a different form from the noun قَلَم meaning pen.

Here الساق means the stem or the stalk of a plant.

This word can also mean leg or shin in other contexts, so context matters a lot in Arabic.

In this sentence, because of قلّمنا and البرعم, the plant meaning is the natural one.

It comes after the verb because it is the direct object of قلّمنا.

In fully vocalized Arabic, it would be:

• الساقَ

That final -a sound marks the accusative case, because it is the thing being pruned.

So the fully marked phrase would be:

• قلّمنا الساقَ = we pruned the stem

In ordinary writing, that case ending is usually not written.

This is a very common pattern.

• The past tense in the since clause gives the starting point:
  • since we pruned the stem
• The present tense in the main clause shows an ongoing action or state:
  • the bud is growing / has been growing

So Arabic uses:

• past for the event that began the situation
• present for what is continuing now

English often uses has been growing, but Arabic does not need a separate form like has been here.

Depending on context, it can cover all of those ideas.

In this sentence, because of منذ أن, the most natural sense is something like:

• is growing
• has been growing

That is normal in Arabic. The present tense often has a wider range than English learners expect.

The verb itself is:

• ينمو = he/it grows

Here it refers to البرعم, which is masculine singular.

Because Arabic often uses verb–subject order in verbal sentences.

So:

• ينمو البرعمُ = the bud grows / is growing

This is a very normal Arabic order.

You could also say:

• البرعمُ ينمو

That version is also grammatical, but it feels a bit more like the bud, it is growing, with slightly more focus on the bud as the topic.

It would be nominative, because it is the subject of ينمو.

So the full form would be:

• البرعمُ

with a final -u sound.

A fully vocalized version of the whole sentence would be:

• منذ أن قلَّمْنا الساقَ، ينمو البرعمُ.

The root is ن م و.

The basic past-tense verb is نما = he grew.

From that, the present is:

• ينمو = he/it grows

This is a weak verb, because the root contains a weak letter و. That is why its forms may look a little less regular than very simple strong roots.

Because the sentence is talking about specific things: the stem and the bud, not just any stem or any bud.

Arabic often uses definiteness where English might or might not, depending on context. Here it suggests that the speaker has a particular plant part and a particular bud in mind.

If they were indefinite, the meaning would be more like:

• a stem
• a bud

But the sentence as written points to known or specific items.

Yes, it is understandable and basically natural.

A fully marked version would be:

• منذ أن قلَّمْنا الساقَ، ينمو البرعمُ.

Depending on context, some speakers or writers might also choose slightly different wording for style, such as:

• منذ أن قلَّمْنا الساقَ، بدأ البرعمُ ينمو
  = since we pruned the stem, the bud began to grow

But the original sentence is fine for MSA and shows a useful grammar pattern very well.