المتحف الوطني يقتني قطعة أثرية ويستعرضها.

Because Arabic adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• المتحف = the museum
• الوطني = national

Together, المتحف الوطني means the national museum.

This is a standard noun + adjective pattern in Arabic.

Because Arabic adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in definiteness as well as gender and number.

So:

• المتحف الوطني = the national museum
• متحف وطني = a national museum

If the noun is definite, the adjective must also be definite.

It is also a noun + adjective phrase:

• قطعة = piece / item
• أثرية = archaeological / antique / ancient

So قطعة أثرية means something like an artifact or an archaeological piece.

Both words are:

• feminine singular
• indefinite

That matches the English idea of an artifact.

Because it is describing قطعة, and قطعة is a feminine noun.

In Arabic, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

So:

• قطعة is feminine singular
• therefore أثرية must also be feminine singular

يقتني is in the present/imperfect tense, third person masculine singular.

It means he acquires or it acquires.

Here the subject is المتحف الوطني, and since متحف is grammatically masculine singular, the verb appears in the 3rd person masculine singular form.

So Arabic is literally structured like:

• المتحف الوطني = the national museum
• يقتني = acquires

Because Arabic grammatical gender is not the same as biological sex.

The noun متحف is grammatically masculine, so the verb must match that.

This is very common in Arabic:

• inanimate nouns can be masculine or feminine
• the verb and adjectives agree with the noun’s grammatical gender

So يقتني is masculine because متحف is masculine.

It has three parts:

• و = and
• يستعرض = he/it displays, presents, exhibits
• ها = it/her

So ويستعرضها literally means and displays it.

This kind of attached object pronoun is very common in Arabic.

Because it refers back to قطعة, and قطعة is a feminine noun.

Even though English uses it, Arabic still has to choose either masculine or feminine.

So:

• قطعة → feminine
• therefore it becomes ها

If the noun were masculine, Arabic would usually use ـه instead.

Because the subject is understood to stay the same.

Arabic often avoids repeating the subject when two verbs share it.

So this sentence works like:

• The national museum acquires an artifact
• and [the national museum] displays it

Arabic simply leaves the second subject unstated because it is already clear.

Yes. A very natural alternative is:

يقتني المتحف الوطني قطعة أثرية ويستعرضها.

Both are correct in Modern Standard Arabic.

Very roughly:

• المتحف الوطني يقتني... gives a more subject-first structure
• يقتني المتحف الوطني... gives a more verb-first structure

Arabic allows both patterns.

A fully vocalized version would be:

الْمَتْحَفُ الْوَطَنِيُّ يَقْتَنِي قِطْعَةً أَثَرِيَّةً وَيَسْتَعْرِضُهَا

These endings show the grammar more clearly:

• الْمَتْحَفُ → nominative subject
• الْوَطَنِيُّ → adjective matching the subject
• قِطْعَةً → accusative direct object
• أَثَرِيَّةً → adjective matching the object

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted.

No. It is not an iḍāfa.

It is a normal noun + adjective phrase:

• المتحف = noun
• الوطني = adjective

An iḍāfa would look different. For example:

• متحفُ الوطنِ = the museum of the nation / the nation’s museum

But here الوطني means national, so it is simply an adjective describing the museum.

يقتني is a bit more formal and often used in contexts like:

• museums
• libraries
• institutions
• collections

It often suggests acquiring or obtaining for possession, especially in a formal or official sense.

So in a sentence about a museum, يقتني is a very natural choice.