القفازات المطاطية في كيس النفايات.

Yes, it is still a complete sentence.

In Arabic, present-tense sentences often do not use an explicit verb for to be. So a sentence like القفازات المطاطية في كيس النفايات is a normal present-tense nominal sentence.

Its structure is:

• القفازات المطاطية = the rubber gloves
• في كيس النفايات = in the trash bag

So the meaning is essentially The rubber gloves are in the trash bag, even though are is not said out loud.

Because adjectives normally come after the noun in Arabic.

So:

• القفازات المطاطية = literally the gloves rubber
• natural English order = the rubber gloves

This is the regular pattern in Arabic: noun + adjective, not adjective + noun.

Because Arabic adjectives agree with the noun in definiteness as well as other features.

Since القفازات is definite, the adjective must also be definite:

• القفازات المطاطية = the rubber gloves

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• قفازات مطاطية = rubber gloves / some rubber gloves

So the الـ is not repeated by accident. It is part of normal adjective agreement.

This is a very important MSA rule: non-human plural nouns usually take feminine singular agreement.

Since القفازات refers to things, not people, the adjective is feminine singular:

• القفازات المطاطية

not

• القفازات المطاطيات

This is called deflected agreement. You will see the same pattern with many non-human plurals in Modern Standard Arabic.

Because -ات is not only for words that are feminine in meaning. It is also a common plural pattern in Arabic, especially with many inanimate nouns.

So:

• قفاز = glove
• قفازات = gloves

The fact that the plural uses -ات does not mean the singular noun has to be feminine.

Because كيس النفايات is an iḍāfa construction, often translated as a noun + of + noun structure.

Here it means something like:

• كيس النفايات = bag of the trash/waste → trash bag

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun normally does not take الـ
• the second noun determines whether the whole phrase is definite or indefinite

So كيس stays without الـ here.

It is definite as a whole, even though كيس itself does not have الـ.

That is because in an iḍāfa, the definiteness of the whole phrase depends on the second noun. Since النفايات is definite, the whole phrase is definite:

• كيس النفايات = the trash bag

Compare:

• كيس النفايات = the trash bag
• كيس نفايات = a trash bag / a bag for trash

Because Arabic and English do not always divide things the same way.

نفايات is very commonly used to mean waste / trash / garbage in a general sense, even though it is plural in form. Arabic often uses a plural-looking word where English uses an uncountable noun.

There is also a singular form:

• نفاية = one piece/item of waste

But in everyday usage, نفايات often means garbage in general.

Although it is written النفايات, it is pronounced with assimilation because ن is a sun letter.

So the pronunciation is roughly:

• an-nifāyāt

not

• al-nifāyāt

The spelling stays the same, but the l sound of الـ disappears in pronunciation before sun letters.

A fully vocalized version would be:

القفازاتُ المطاطيةُ في كيسِ النفاياتِ

Here is why:

• القفازاتُ is nominative because it is the subject/topic of the nominal sentence
• المطاطيةُ matches it
• كيسِ is genitive because it comes after في
• النفاياتِ is also genitive because it is the second term of the iḍāfa

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowel endings are usually not written. In pause, speakers often do not pronounce them fully either.