يحمل المرشد خريطة المسار والمنظار.

Because this is a very common Arabic sentence pattern: verb + subject + object.

So:

• يحمل = carries / is carrying
• المرشد = the guide
• خريطة المسار والمنظار = the route map and the binoculars/telescope

This is called a verbal sentence in Arabic.
Arabic can also use subject + verb, but starting with the verb is extremely normal, especially in Modern Standard Arabic.

يحمل comes from the root ح م ل, which often has the idea of carrying, bearing, or holding.

Here, يحمل means:

• he carries
• or, depending on context, he is carrying

In MSA, the present tense often covers both simple present and present progressive in English.

So يحمل المرشد... can mean:

• The guide carries...
• The guide is carrying...

Because the subject المرشد is:

• singular
• masculine

So the verb matches that.

المرشد means the guide (male guide, or grammatically masculine guide).
If the subject were feminine, the verb would change.

For example:

• تحمل المرشدة... = The female guide carries...

In this sentence, المرشد comes right after the verb, which is a very common place for the subject in Arabic verbal sentences.

So:

• يحمل = verb
• المرشد = subject

Also, the meaning makes sense that way: the guide carries...

If Arabic were fully vowelled, the subject would normally have a u-type ending in formal grammar, showing it is the subject. In normal everyday writing, those short vowels are usually not written, so learners rely on word order and context.

Because خريطة المسار is an idafa construction, often called a genitive construction or possessive construction.

It literally works like:

• خريطة = map
• المسار = the route/path

Together:

• خريطة المسار = the route map or the map of the route

In an idafa:

1. the first noun usually does not take الـ
2. the second noun can be definite, and that makes the whole phrase definite

So:

• خريطة المسار = the route map
• not a route map, because المسار is definite

Yes. Very literally, it is:

• خريطة = map
• المسار = the route / path

So the structure is:

• map of the route

In smoother English, this may be translated as:

• the route map
• the map of the route
• sometimes simply the map, depending on context

This is one of the most common Arabic noun patterns, so it is very useful to recognize.

Because المسار means the route or the path.

The prefix الـ is the Arabic definite article, like the in English.

So:

• مسار = a route / a path
• المسار = the route / the path

Inside the idafa خريطة المسار, making the second noun definite also makes the whole phrase definite.

و means and.

So:

• خريطة المسار والمنظار means
• the route map and the binoculars/telescope

The و directly joins المنظار to the previous object phrase.

So the guide is carrying two things:

1. خريطة المسار = the route map
2. المنظار = the binoculars / telescope / viewer, depending on context

Because it is definite: the binoculars / the telescope / the viewing device.

So:

• منظار = a binocular / a telescope / an optical viewer
• المنظار = the binoculars / the telescope

The exact English translation can vary by context, but grammatically it is definite because of الـ.

Grammatically, المنظار is singular.

However, in translation, it may sometimes be rendered as binoculars, which is plural in English but often treated as a single item. That is just a translation issue, not an Arabic grammar issue.

So in Arabic:

• المنظار = one device, grammatically singular

Depending on context, it could mean:

• the telescope
• the binoculars
• the scope
• the viewer

Because Arabic often expresses of relationships by simply putting two nouns together in an idafa structure.

So instead of saying something like:

• map of the route

Arabic says:

• خريطة المسار

This is very common. English often uses of, but Arabic often uses noun + noun instead.

Other examples:

• باب البيت = the door of the house / the house door
• كتاب الطالب = the student’s book / the book of the student

Yes. You could say:

• المرشد يحمل خريطة المسار والمنظار.

This also means The guide carries/is carrying the route map and the binoculars.

The difference is mostly one of style and emphasis:

• يحمل المرشد... = more typically verbal in flow
• المرشد يحمل... = starts by highlighting the subject

Both are correct.

In fully vowelled formal Arabic, it would typically be:

يَحْمِلُ الْمُرْشِدُ خَرِيطَةَ الْمَسَارِ وَالْمِنْظَارَ

Very roughly:

• يَحْمِلُ → verb
• الْمُرْشِدُ → subject, so nominative
• خَرِيطَةَ → object, so accusative
• الْمَسَارِ → second term of idafa, so genitive
• الْمِنْظَارَ → another object coordinated with خريطة, so accusative

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowel endings are usually omitted.

A careful MSA pronunciation would be approximately:

yaḥmilu l-murshidu kharīṭata l-masāri wa-l-minẓāra

A few notes:

• خ is a throaty kh sound
• ح is a stronger breathy h
• ط is an emphatic t
• ظ is an emphatic z / dh-like sound, depending on how it is taught

If you are reading unvowelled Arabic, this sentence is commonly understood as:

yaḥmilu al-murshid kharīṭat al-masār wa-al-minẓār

The verb يحمل takes objects: things that are being carried.

Here the objects are:

1. خريطة المسار = the route map
2. المنظار = the binoculars / telescope

So the guide is carrying both of them.

You can think of the structure like this:

• يحمل → carries
• المرشد → the guide
• خريطة المسار → the route map
• والمنظار → and the binoculars/telescope

Because خريطة is the first word in an idafa construction: خريطة المسار.

In an idafa, the first noun:

• does not take الـ
• does not take tanween

So you do not say:

• خريطةٌ المسار
• or الخريطة المسار

Instead, you say:

• خريطةُ المسار or خريطةَ المسار depending on grammar in the sentence

In this sentence, it is an object, so in full vowelled Arabic it would be خريطةَ.

It can be either, depending on context.

يحمل in MSA can mean:

• carries (habitual / general)
• is carrying (happening now)

So without extra context, both are possible.

For example:

• In a description of someone’s job or role: The guide carries the route map and the binoculars.
• In a scene happening now: The guide is carrying the route map and the binoculars.

Arabic often leaves that distinction to context.