أرخي البرغي بمفك البراغي، ثم آخذ المطرقة والمسمار.

A learner-friendly pronunciation is:

urkhī al-burghī bi-mifakk al-barāghī, thumma ākhudhu al-miṭraqa wa-l-mismār.

A few sound notes:

• خ = kh: a throaty sound, like the ch in German Bach
• ث = th: like th in think
• ط = ṭ: a heavier, emphatic t
• آ = ā: a long aa sound

In normal Arabic writing, short vowels are usually omitted, so you learn them from vocabulary and grammar.

Here it means I loosen.

Why:

• أرخي is the 1st person singular imperfect form of the verb أرخى
• So it means I loosen / I slacken / I let loose

This matches the next verb:

• آخذ = I take

So the sentence is a first-person sequence of actions: I loosen..., then I take...

A useful contrast:

• أرخي = I loosen
• a masculine singular command would be أرخِ = Loosen!

So the written form here points to I loosen, not an imperative.

Because Arabic verbs already show the subject.

Both verbs here are marked for 1st person singular:

• أرخي = I loosen
• آخذ = I take

So Arabic does not need أنا every time.

You can add أنا for emphasis or contrast, but it is not necessary:

• أنا أرخي البرغي... = I loosen the screw...

Without emphasis, leaving the pronoun out is completely normal.

Here بـ means with or by means of.

So:

• بمفك البراغي = with a screwdriver / using a screwdriver

This is a very common use of بـ in Arabic: it marks the instrument used to do something.

Other examples of the same idea:

• أكتب بالقلم = I write with a pen
• أفتح الباب بالمفتاح = I open the door with the key

Because this is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction.

Structure:

• مفك = screwdriver / loosening tool
• البراغي = the screws

Together:

• مفك البراغي = literally the tool of screws
• natural English: screwdriver

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun normally does not take الـ
• the second noun carries the definiteness

So مفك البراغي is the normal Arabic structure.

Also, مفك comes from the root فكّ, which has the idea of undoing, loosening, unfastening.

Because Arabic often names tools by the type of things they are used for in a general sense.

So:

• برغي = screw
• براغي = screws

And:

• مفك البراغي = literally screw-loosener / screw tool
• in normal English: screwdriver

This is similar to how English tool names can be general rather than tied to one single object.

ثم means then, and it clearly shows sequence.

So:

• ثم = then / after that

This tells you that the second action happens after the first one.

Compare:

• و = and
  This just joins two things. It does not strongly emphasize order.
• فـ = so / then / and then immediately
  This often suggests a more immediate next step.
• ثم = then / afterwards
  This gives a clearer sense of ordered steps, often with a slight pause or separation.

So ثم is a very natural choice in instructions or step-by-step descriptions.

Because this verb comes from أخذ = to take, and its present-tense form is irregular in spelling.

The 1st person singular is:

• آخذ = I take

That آ is called alif madda. It represents a long ā sound.

So instead of writing two hamza-related sounds separately at the beginning, Arabic writes them in this contracted form:

• آخذ

This is just the normal spelling of this verb in the present tense.

Because both nouns are definite:

• المطرقة = the hammer
• المسمار = the nail

When Arabic joins two definite nouns with و (and), each noun usually keeps its own definite article.

So:

• المطرقة والمسمار = the hammer and the nail

If you removed الـ from the second noun, the meaning would change:

• المطرقة ومسمار = the hammer and a nail

So repeating الـ matters.

That is the standard Arabic comma.

It works like the English comma, but its shape is different:

• Arabic comma: ،
• English comma: ,

This difference is part of modern Arabic punctuation conventions. Since Arabic is written right-to-left, some punctuation marks look different from their English equivalents.