أفهم التعليمات تماما.

A simple breakdown is:

• أفهم = I understand
• التعليمات = the instructions
• تماما = completely / totally

So the sentence structure is:

• verb
  • object
    • adverb

In more literal terms: I understand the instructions completely.

In Arabic, the subject is often built into the verb itself.

• أفهم already means I understand
• the prefix أ- marks first person singular in the imperfect verb

So you do not need أنا here.

You can add أنا if you want emphasis:

• أنا أفهم التعليمات تماما = I understand the instructions completely

That sounds more emphatic, as if you are stressing I.

أفهم is in the imperfect form.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can express:

• present: I understand
• habitual: I usually understand
• sometimes near future, depending on context

In this sentence, the most natural meaning is simply I understand.

Also, with no particle before it, أفهم is normally in the indicative mood.

Yes, both are correct.

Arabic often prefers a verb-first order, especially in standard written language:

• أفهم التعليمات تماما = a normal, neutral MSA sentence

You can also use subject + verb order:

• أنا أفهم التعليمات تماما

That version is also grammatical, but it gives a little more emphasis to I, or can feel slightly less neutral depending on context.

So:

• أفهم التعليمات تماما = neutral, standard
• أنا أفهم التعليمات تماما = correct, with extra focus on the speaker

It is pronounced roughly as afhamu in fully vocalized MSA.

A few notes:

• the initial أ is a glottal stop, like the catch in the middle of uh-oh
• ف = f
• ه = h
• م = m

In ordinary unvocalized text, learners often say something like afham when pausing, but the full grammatical form is afhamu.

Because ت is a sun letter.

When ال is attached to a word beginning with a sun letter, the ل is not pronounced separately. Instead, the following consonant is doubled in pronunciation.

So:

• written: التعليمات
• pronounced: at-taʿlīmāt

Nothing changes in spelling; the change is only in pronunciation.

It is the direct object because it is the thing being understood.

• I understand what?
• the instructions

In fully vocalized MSA, this word would be:

• التعليماتِ

That final -i sound may surprise learners, because direct objects are often associated with fatḥa. But التعليمات is a sound feminine plural, and that type has:

• -u in the nominative
• -i in both the accusative and genitive

So here, as a direct object, التعليماتِ is correct.

In normal unvocalized writing, you usually just see التعليمات without the ending shown.

التعليمات is plural and means instructions.

Its singular form is تعليمة, though in real usage the plural تعليمات is much more common when talking about instructions, directions, or procedural guidance.

So in practice, learners will encounter تعليمات far more often than the singular.

تماما means completely / totally and functions here as an adverb modifying the whole action of understanding.

In full spelling with case ending, it is:

• تمامًا

That -an ending is the usual written sign of the accusative adverbial form in many cases.

So here:

• أفهم التعليمات تماما = I understand the instructions completely

Important: تماما does not agree with التعليمات. It is not an adjective describing the instructions. It is an adverb describing how fully the understanding happens.

Yes, but أفهم التعليمات تماما is the most straightforward and natural order.

Arabic often places adverbs like this after the object:

• أفهم التعليمات تماما

You may also see different word orders for emphasis or style, but for a learner, the sentence-final position is the safest and most natural choice.

So if you are producing your own MSA, keep تماما at the end unless you have a reason to emphasize something.

A careful, fully inflected pronunciation would be approximately:

• afhamu t-taʿlīmāti tamāman

A few useful notes:

• أفهم = afhamu
• التعليمات becomes t-taʿlīmāti in connected speech because of the definite article and the sun letter ت
• تماما = tamāman

If you are still learning case endings, it is perfectly normal to first focus on the basic pronunciation of the words and add the full endings later.

The basic negation is:

• لا أفهم التعليمات تماما

This usually means:

• I do not understand the instructions completely
• or I do not fully understand the instructions

If you want the stronger meaning I do not understand the instructions at all, Arabic often uses expressions such as:

• لا أفهم التعليمات إطلاقا
• لا أفهم التعليمات أبدا

So تماما and إطلاقا / أبدا are not interchangeable in meaning.