هو يشعر أن المكان جميل.

Yes. In Arabic, the verb يشعر already tells you the subject is he.

So هو is not strictly necessary. The sentence could also be:

يشعر أن المكان جميل

Including هو can:

• make the subject extra clear
• add slight emphasis to he
• make the sentence feel a bit more like English structure in some contexts

So هو is optional here, not required.

Yes. A very natural alternative is:

يشعر أن المكان جميل

Both are correct. Very roughly:

• يشعر أن المكان جميل = more neutral, straightforward verbal sentence
• هو يشعر أن المكان جميل = can highlight the subject a little more

Arabic often allows both patterns.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the present tense verb يشعر can cover:

• he feels
• he is feeling

Arabic does not force the same simple vs. continuous distinction that English does here. The surrounding context tells you which meaning is intended.

أن here means that and introduces the idea being felt:

أن المكان جميل = that the place is beautiful

So the structure is:

• هو يشعر = he feels
• أن المكان جميل = that the place is beautiful

Together: He feels that the place is beautiful.

Grammatically, it is أنَّ.

In normal Arabic writing, short vowels and the shadda are often omitted, so you may just see أن. But in a fully vocalized version, this sentence would be:

هُوَ يَشْعُرُ أَنَّ الْمَكَانَ جَمِيلٌ

It is أنَّ because it introduces a nominal clause:

• المكان
• جميل

That is a very common pattern after أنَّ.

المكان means the place, while مكان means a place or just place.

Arabic often uses the definite article ال when talking about a specific place already known from the context. So المكان جميل means the place is beautiful.

If you said مكان جميل, that would usually mean a beautiful place or a place that is beautiful, which is a different structure.

Because it describes المكان, and مكان is a masculine singular noun.

In Arabic, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

So:

• المكان = masculine singular
• جميل = masculine singular adjective/predicate

If the noun were feminine, you would normally use a feminine form such as جميلة.

Because جميل here is not an attributive adjective inside a noun phrase. It is the predicate of the clause.

Compare these:

• المكان جميل = the place is beautiful
• المكان الجميل = the beautiful place

In المكان جميل, جميل is telling you something about المكان, so it does not take ال.

In المكان الجميل, الجميل is directly modifying the noun, so it matches it in definiteness and takes ال.

Yes. In ordinary Arabic writing, case endings are usually not written, but they are there grammatically.

A fully vocalized version is:

هُوَ يَشْعُرُ أَنَّ الْمَكَانَ جَمِيلٌ

More specifically:

• يَشْعُرُ ends in ـُ because it is in the indicative
• أَنَّ is the particle
• الْمَكَانَ is in the accusative because it is the noun of أنَّ
• جَمِيلٌ is in the nominative because it is the predicate of أنَّ

So even though unvowelled text hides these endings, the grammar is still there.

Not always.

With a noun, يشعر often appears with بـ:

• يشعر بالتعب = he feels tiredness / he feels tired

With a full clause, you may see:

• يشعر أن المكان جميل
• يشعر بأن المكان جميل

Both patterns are used. Your sentence uses the version without بـ.

Not usually as a complete independent sentence in this form.

The complete basic sentence is:

المكان جميل = the place is beautiful

When you add أنَّ, it turns that idea into a subordinate clause:

أنَّ المكانَ جميلٌ = that the place is beautiful

So after يشعر, the clause functions as the content of what he feels.

The sentence breaks down like this:

• هو = he
• يشعر = feels
• أنَّ = that
• المكان = the place
• جميل = beautiful

So the overall pattern is:

subject + verb + that-clause

Or more explicitly:

He + feels + that the place is beautiful

Yes, but there is a difference in tone and register.

• يشعر is very standard and suitable for Modern Standard Arabic
• يحس can also mean feel, but it is often less formal and is especially common in spoken varieties

So for MSA learning, يشعر is the safest and most standard choice here.