هاد القميص قطني.

Because in Levantine Arabic, the verb to be is usually not expressed in the present tense.

So هاد القميص قطني literally looks like:

• this shirt cotton

but it means this shirt is cotton or this shirt is made of cotton.

This kind of sentence is very normal in Arabic. If you want other tenses, then a form of كان is used, for example:

• هاد القميص كان قطني = This shirt was cotton

هاد means this in Levantine Arabic, for a masculine singular noun.

Since قميص is masculine singular, هاد matches it.

Related forms you will often see are:

• هاد = this (masculine)
• هاي = this (feminine)
• هدول = these

So:

• هاد القميص = this shirt
• هاي البلوزة = this blouse
• هدول القمصان = these shirts

In some Levantine varieties, you may also hear forms like هيدا instead of هاد.

Because when Arabic uses a demonstrative like this, the noun is normally definite too.

So Arabic says:

• هاد القميص = this shirt

not usually a bare form like هاد قميص in normal neutral usage.

This is different from English, where this already makes the noun definite by itself. In Arabic, the noun still usually takes الـ.

قطني is an adjective meaning cotton or made of cotton.

It comes from قطن = cotton, plus the ending -ي, which often makes a relational adjective.

This is a very common pattern in Arabic. Compare:

• لبنان = Lebanon → لبناني = Lebanese
• قطن = cotton → قطني = cotton / made of cotton

So here قطني describes the material of the shirt.

No. Here, -ي is not the possessive my.

This is a great question, because English-speaking learners often notice that -ي can mean my in words like:

• بيتي = my house
• كتابي = my book

But in قطني, the word is an adjective pattern, not a noun plus my.

So:

• قطني = cotton / cotton-made
• not my cotton

The context and word pattern tell you which meaning is intended.

Yes. قطني is masculine singular because قميص is masculine singular.

If the noun were feminine singular, the adjective would usually become قطنية.

For example:

• هاد القميص قطني = This shirt is cotton
• هاي التنورة قطنية = This skirt is cotton

So the adjective agrees with the noun in gender.

A common pronunciation is roughly:

• haad il-’amiiS ’uTni

A few useful notes:

• هاد sounds like haad
• قميص is often pronounced with a glottal stop instead of q in many urban Levantine accents, so قميص may sound like ’amiiS
• قطني may similarly sound like ’uTni in those accents

But pronunciation varies by region. Some speakers keep a clearer q sound, so you may also hear something closer to:

• haad il-qamiiS qutni

Both are connected to the same written sentence.

Yes, mainly in style and pronunciation, not in basic structure.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the equivalent would be:

• هذا القميص قطني

The differences are:

• هذا in MSA becomes هاد in Levantine
• Levantine pronunciation is more colloquial
• Levantine does not use case endings

But the sentence pattern is basically the same:

• this + the shirt + cotton

So if you know the MSA version, the Levantine one will feel familiar.

Yes, absolutely.

That means:

• هاد القميص من القطن = This shirt is made of cotton

This is a very natural alternative.

The difference is mainly style:

• قطني = a compact adjective, cotton
• من القطن = more explicitly made of cotton / from cotton

Both are correct and common.

For a basic learner sentence, هاد القميص قطني is the best order to learn.

It works as:

• هاد القميص = the topic / subject, this shirt
• قطني = the description, cotton

Arabic is flexible in some contexts, and you may hear other orders in real speech, but this sentence is the most straightforward neutral pattern for saying This shirt is cotton.

So as a learner, it is best to treat:

• هاد القميص قطني

as the standard model.