رحنا عالبلدة مبارح.

A common Levantine pronunciation is:

reḥna ʿal-balde mbāreḥ

A few notes:

• ʿ represents the sound of ع
• ḥ represents the stronger ح
• عالبلدة is usually said smoothly as one chunk: ʿal-balde
• Vowels can vary a bit by region, so you may also hear slightly different pronunciations

Word by word:

• رحنا = we went
• عالبلدة = to the town / to the village
• مبارح = yesterday

So the structure is basically:

we went + to the town/village + yesterday

رحنا is the past-tense, first-person plural form of the verb راح / يروح = to go.

The ending -نا often marks we in the past tense.

So:

• رحت = I went
• راح = he went
• رحنا = we went
• راحوا = they went

عالبلدة is a combination of:

• عَ / على = on, to
• البلدة = the town / the village

So:

على + البلدة → عالبلدة

In normal speech, this gets shortened and blended together. This kind of contraction is very common in Levantine Arabic.

That is very common in Levantine.

Even though على literally often means on, after verbs of movement it very often works like to in English.

So:

• رحنا عالبلدة = we went to the town
• رحت عالسوق = I went to the market
• طلعنا عالبيت = we went up/went home to the house

This is normal colloquial usage.

It depends on context.

البلدة can mean:

• the town
• the village
• sometimes the old town or the local town center

In everyday Levantine, the exact English translation depends on what place the speakers are referring to. If everyone already knows which place is meant, البلدة can feel like the town or the village without needing more explanation.

Usually not in this sentence.

In Levantine, ة at the end of a word is often pronounced like -e (or sometimes -a, depending on dialect), not like a full t.

So البلدة is commonly pronounced something like:

il-balde or l-balde

not al-baldat

The t sound can reappear in some grammatical environments, but not usually here.

Because Levantine Arabic has flexible word order for time expressions.

مبارح = yesterday, and it can often go:

• at the end: رحنا عالبلدة مبارح
• at the beginning: مبارح رحنا عالبلدة

Both are natural. Putting it at the end is very common in casual speech.

Yes. Both مبارح and امبارح are heard in Levantine Arabic and mean yesterday.

Which one you hear depends on:

• region
• speaker
• speaking style

So if you learn one form and later hear the other, that is normal.

A more formal / MSA version would be:

ذهبنا إلى البلدة أمس

or

ذهبنا إلى البلدة البارحة

Compared with the Levantine sentence:

• formal Arabic uses إلى for to
• Levantine commonly uses عَ / على
• formal Arabic uses أمس or البارحة
• Levantine commonly uses مبارح