Learn Hardcore Arabic (Levantine): قد ما الفرقة الموسيقية تعزف، صحابي برقصوا وبصفقوا. - No matter how much the music group plays, my friends dance and applaud.

In this sentence, قد ما introduces a relationship of degree/amount. Depending on context, it can mean things like as much as, however much, or very naturally in English, the more.

So here it gives the idea that the band’s playing and the friends’ dancing/clapping rise together: the more the band plays, the more my friends dance and clap.

Is قد ما the same as كل ما?

Not exactly.

قد ما focuses on amount/degree
كل ما usually means whenever / every time

So:

قد ما الفرقة الموسيقية تعزف... = the more / as much as the band plays...
كل ما الفرقة بتعزف... = whenever the band plays...

They can look similar in English sometimes, but the nuance is different.

Why is the first verb تعزف without بـ, but later we get برقصوا and بصفقوا?

That is a very common learner question.

In Levantine, the present tense often uses بـ in main clauses, like برقصوا and بصفقوا. But after expressions like قد ما, speakers may use a plain imperfect form like تعزف.

So تعزف here is not past tense. It is still part of a present-type meaning. It is just a different pattern in a subordinate clause.