البقعة على القميص الابيض.

Yes. In Arabic, especially in the present tense, to be is usually left out.

So this works as a full sentence: البقعة = the stain
على القميص الابيض = on the white shirt

The idea is basically The stain is on the white shirt, even though Arabic does not say is here.

The spelling is very close to Standard Arabic, but an Egyptian speaker can read it naturally with Egyptian pronunciation.

What makes it feel Egyptian is mainly how it would be said:

• ق is often pronounced as a glottal stop in Cairene Egyptian
• على is often shortened in fast speech
• the definite article is usually heard as el- or il-

So the sentence is written in a fairly standard-looking way, but it can absolutely be read as Egyptian.

A natural Egyptian-style pronunciation would be approximately:

el-boʔʿa ʿala l-ʔamīṣ el-abyaḍ

In faster everyday speech, you may also hear:

el-boʔʿa ʿal-ʔamīṣ el-abyaḍ

The biggest Egyptian features here are the glottal-stop pronunciation of ق and the shortening of على to ʿal-.

It describes القميص, not البقعة.

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. So:

القميص الابيض = the white shirt

If white were describing the stain, the adjective would need to match البقعة, which is feminine. In Egyptian speech, you would expect something like البقعة البيضا. In Standard Arabic, it would be البقعة البيضاء.

Because Arabic adjectives agree with the noun they describe in definiteness.

So if the noun is definite:

• القميص = the shirt

then the adjective must also be definite:

• الابيض = the white

Together: القميص الابيض = the white shirt

This is very normal in Arabic.

No. It is not an iḍāfa.

It is a noun + adjective phrase:

• القميص = noun
• الابيض = adjective

A quick clue is that in an iḍāfa, the first noun usually does not take الـ. But here both words have الـ, which shows that الابيض is an adjective agreeing with القميص.

So this means the white shirt, not something like the shirt of the white.

In Egyptian, it is approximately:

el-boʔʿa

A few helpful notes:

• ب = b
• ق in Egyptian is often a glottal stop ʔ
• ع is the Arabic sound ʿ, made deep in the throat
• the final ة is pronounced -a here

So the middle of the word has two sounds English speakers often find hard: ʔ and ʿ.

Because this letter is taa marbuuTa (ة).

At the end of a word, when you stop there or say the word by itself, it is usually pronounced -a:

• البقعة → el-boʔʿa

The t sound appears in some connected contexts, especially in more formal Arabic or before endings and suffixes. But in normal citation form and in everyday Egyptian pronunciation, it sounds like -a.

Yes. In this sentence, the l is pronounced in all three words.

That is because the letters after الـ are moon letters, not sun letters:

• البقعة
• القميص
• الابيض

So you say:

• el-boʔʿa
• el-ʔamīṣ
• el-abyaḍ

The l does not disappear here.

In careful standard spelling, you would normally write:

الأبيض

But in everyday typing, many native speakers leave out hamza marks, so:

الابيض

is very common in informal writing.

So this is mostly a spelling shortcut, not a different word. A learner should recognize both forms, but the fully standard spelling is الأبيض.