انا اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح.

A rough pronunciation is:

ana eshtareet shanta hamra embaareh

A few notes:

• انا = ana = I
• اشتريت = eshtareet / ishtareit = I bought
• شنطة = shanta = bag
• حمرا = hamra = red (feminine)
• امبارح = embaareh / embaareh = yesterday

Pronunciation can vary a little from speaker to speaker, so you may hear slightly different vowels.

You can leave it out.

اشتريت already means I bought, because the verb form itself shows the subject. So both of these are natural:

• انا اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح
• اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح

Using انا can add clarity or emphasis, especially if you want to stress I.

اشتريت means I bought.

It is the past tense of the verb to buy. The ending -ت is the marker for I in the past tense.

So:

• اشتريت = I bought
• اشترى = he bought
• اشترت = she bought

Because Arabic does not use an indefinite article like English a/an.

So شنطة by itself can mean:

• a bag
• bag

The meaning depends on context. In this sentence, it naturally means a bag.

Because شنطة is the more everyday Egyptian Arabic word for bag.

• شنطة = common in speech
• حقيبة = more formal / more Modern Standard Arabic

A native Egyptian speaker would very commonly say شنطة in normal conversation.

Because in Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So Arabic says:

• شنطة حمرا
• literally: bag red

But in natural English, we say:

• red bag

This is one of the most important word-order differences between English and Arabic.

Because شنطة is a feminine noun, and the adjective has to match it.

• masculine red = أحمر
• feminine red = حمرا in Egyptian Arabic

So:

• كتاب أحمر = a red book
• شنطة حمرا = a red bag

The adjective changes form to agree with the noun.

حمرا is the Egyptian Arabic form, while حمراء is the Modern Standard Arabic form.

In spoken Egyptian Arabic, many feminine color adjectives are shortened like this:

• حمرا = red
• سودا = black
• خضرا = green
• صفرا = yellow

So حمرا is exactly what you would expect in everyday Egyptian speech.

The adjective must match the noun in important ways.

Here:

• شنطة is feminine
• حمرا is also feminine

They also match in definiteness:

• شنطة حمرا = a red bag (indefinite)
• الشنطة الحمرا = the red bag (definite)

So if the noun takes الـ, the adjective usually takes الـ too.

امبارح means yesterday.

Putting it at the end is very natural:

• انا اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح

But Arabic word order is somewhat flexible, so you can also say:

• امبارح اشتريت شنطة حمرا

That can put a bit more focus on yesterday.

Yes, to some extent.

These are all possible and natural:

• انا اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح
• اشتريت شنطة حمرا امبارح
• امبارح اشتريت شنطة حمرا

What usually stays together is the noun phrase:

• شنطة حمرا = red bag

So you would not normally separate شنطة and حمرا.

You would make both the noun and the adjective definite:

• الشنطة الحمرا = the red bag

This is a key Arabic pattern:

• شنطة حمرا = a red bag
• الشنطة الحمرا = the red bag

Unlike English, Arabic usually marks definiteness on both the noun and the adjective.

Because امبارح is the normal everyday Egyptian Arabic word for yesterday.

• امبارح = colloquial Egyptian
• أمس = formal / Modern Standard Arabic

If you are learning spoken Egyptian, امبارح is the form you will hear much more often.

Yes. Egyptian Arabic normally does not use the case endings found in Modern Standard Arabic.

That is why the sentence looks and sounds simpler than formal Arabic. In everyday Egyptian speech, you do not usually pronounce those final grammatical endings.

So this sentence is a normal colloquial Egyptian sentence, not a formal MSA one.