شروق الشمس الساعة ستة.

Literally, شروق الشمس means the rising of the sun.

• شروق = sunrise / rising
• الشمس = the sun

Together, this is a very common Arabic way to say sunrise.

This structure is called an idafa (a possessed/linked noun phrase), so it works like:

• شروق الشمس = sunrise
  literally: the rising of the sun

Because in Arabic, the present-tense verb to be is usually omitted.

So:

• شروق الشمس الساعة ستة
  literally: sunrise of-the-sun at six o’clock
• natural English: Sunrise is at six o’clock

This is completely normal in both Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Arabic often makes sentences without saying is/am/are in the present tense.

Because in an idafa structure, the first noun usually does not take الـ.

So:

• شروق الشمس = the sunrise of the sun / sunrise
• not الشروق الشمس

The pattern is:

• first noun = no الـ
• second noun = can be definite

Here:

• شروق = first noun
• الشمس = second noun, definite

That is why الشمس has الـ, but شروق does not.

Here, الساعة ستة means at six o’clock or the time is six.

In Egyptian Arabic, this is a very common time expression:

• الساعة خمسة = five o’clock
• الساعة ستة = six o’clock
• الساعة سبعة = seven o’clock

So in this sentence:

• شروق الشمس الساعة ستة = Sunrise is at six o’clock

Arabic often uses this time phrase without needing an extra word like at.

Because Arabic often does not need one in this kind of time expression.

English says:

• at six o’clock

Egyptian Arabic commonly just says:

• الساعة ستة

So the time phrase itself is enough.

You may sometimes hear forms with a preposition in other contexts, but for simple clock time in Egyptian, الساعة + number is extremely normal.

A natural Egyptian pronunciation would be something like:

shorūʔ ish-shams is-sāʿa sitta

A few helpful notes:

• شروق → shorūʔ
  In Egyptian Arabic, ق is often pronounced like a glottal stop ʔ
• الشمس → ish-shams
  not el-shams, because ش is a sun letter, so the l sound of الـ assimilates
• الساعة → is-sāʿa
  same idea: س is also a sun letter
• ستة → sitta

It is understandable and correct, but it sounds a little more neutral/written than the most everyday spoken Egyptian.

A very common spoken Egyptian alternative would be:

• الشمس بتطلع الساعة ستة
  = The sun rises at six o’clock

Why?

• شروق الشمس is a noun phrase: sunrise
• الشمس بتطلع is a full spoken-style verbal sentence: the sun comes up / rises

So your sentence is fine, but many Egyptians in everyday conversation might prefer الشمس بتطلع الساعة ستة.

Because الشمس means the sun, and in Arabic it is normally used as a definite noun.

Also, in the phrase شروق الشمس, the second word in the idafa is the one that carries definiteness. So الشمس makes the whole phrase definite/specific.

That is why:

• الشمس = the sun
• شروق الشمس = the sunrise / sunrise

Because in Egyptian Arabic, telling time often uses the simple pattern:

• الساعة + number

So:

• الساعة ستة = six o’clock

This is just the usual everyday way to say the hour. Even if number-gender rules seem confusing elsewhere, with basic clock time it is best to memorize the expression as a chunk:

• الساعة واحد
• الساعة اتنين
• الساعة تلاتة
• الساعة ستة

By itself, الساعة ستة just means six o’clock.

In this sentence, since it is talking about sunrise, it obviously means 6 AM.

If you want to be extra clear, Egyptian Arabic can add:

• الساعة ستة الصبح = six in the morning
• الساعة ستة مساءً / بالليل = six in the evening / at night

So context usually tells you which one is meant.