بقالي سنة بتعلم مصري.

A good rough pronunciation is baʔāli sana batʿallim maṣri.

A few notes:

• ق in Cairene Egyptian is usually a glottal stop (ʔ), so بقالي sounds like ba-ʔaali.
• بتعلم is roughly bat-ʿallim.
• مصري is maṣri / masri.

Because short vowels are usually not written in Arabic script, different transliterations are possible.

بقالي is a very common Egyptian Arabic expression for talking about how long something has been going on.

So:

• بقالي سنة = I’ve been ... for a year / it’s been a year for me

It comes historically from بقى لي, but in everyday Egyptian it is best learned as one chunk.

You can use it with other time expressions too:

• بقالي أسبوع = I’ve been ... for a week
• بقالي شهر = I’ve been ... for a month

Because Egyptian Arabic commonly uses this pattern:

بقالي + time + present verb

So the structure is literally something like:

It’s been a year that I’m learning Egyptian.

That sounds unusual in English, but it is very natural in Egyptian Arabic. English usually rearranges it as:

I’ve been learning Egyptian for a year.

In Egyptian Arabic, بـ often marks the present / habitual / ongoing form of the verb.

So:

• بتعلم = I learn / I’m learning

When this is combined with بقالي سنة, the natural English translation becomes:

I’ve been learning ... for a year.

Egyptian Arabic does not need a special separate form exactly matching the English present perfect progressive; this combination does the job.

That is a very common learner question.

The ت here is part of the verb pattern itself, not something that automatically means you.

The verb to learn in colloquial Arabic is اتعلّم / تعلّم. So when it is conjugated in Egyptian Arabic, the form for I am learning naturally comes out as بتعلّم.

So even though it begins with ت, the whole word بتعلم here means I am learning, not you are learning.

Because Arabic often leaves out subject pronouns when they are already understood from the verb and the context.

So:

• بقالي سنة بتعلم مصري = perfectly normal
• أنا بقالي سنة بتعلم مصري = also possible, but more emphatic

Adding أنا can sound like you are stressing I, for example in contrast with someone else.

In everyday Egyptian Arabic, مصري is often used as a shorthand for Egyptian Arabic when the context is clear.

So if you are talking about languages, بتعلم مصري naturally means:

• I’m learning Egyptian
• that is, Egyptian Arabic

A fuller version is possible, such as عربي مصري, but the shorter مصري is very common and natural in speech.

Not always exactly.

In normal speech, بقالي سنة can mean:

• for a year now
• about a year now
• it’s been a year

Sometimes it is exact, but often it is just a natural, approximate way to state the duration.

Because منذ is more formal / Standard Arabic.

In everyday Egyptian Arabic, when talking about an action that has been continuing for some time, بقالـ is usually much more natural.

So:

• بقالي سنة بتعلم مصري sounds natural in spoken Egyptian
• a sentence with منذ would sound more formal or bookish

A natural Standard Arabic version would be something like:

أتعلم العربية المصرية منذ سنة
or
منذ سنة وأنا أتعلم العربية المصرية

That shows an important point: the original sentence is clearly Egyptian colloquial Arabic, not Modern Standard Arabic.