Learn Hardcore Afrikaans: Die winkelier werk tot laat in die nag. - The shopkeeper works until late at night.

In Afrikaans, present-tense verbs are not inflected for person or number. Whether it’s ek (I), jy (you), hy/sy (he/she) or ons (we), the verb form stays the same. So you always say werk, never werks.

Why is the definite article die used before winkelier instead of ’n?

Die is the definite article (“the”) in Afrikaans. It specifies a particular shopkeeper: Die winkelier = “the shopkeeper.”
If you wanted to say “a shopkeeper,” you’d use the indefinite article ’n, as in ’n winkelier werk… (“a shopkeeper works…”).

What does winkelier mean and how do you pronounce it?

Winkelier means shopkeeper.
Pronunciation (approximate): VIN-kuh-LEER
(Phonetically /ˈvɪŋkə.ˌliːər/, with stress on the first syllable.)

What role does tot play in werk tot laat in die nag?

Tot is a preposition meaning until. It marks the endpoint of the action: “works until late in the night.”

Why is it laat in die nag instead of just in die nag or in die aand?

In die nag = “at night” (general, any time after dark)
In die aand = “in the evening” (from sunset until bedtime)
Laat in die nag = “late in the night,” emphasizing very late hours (often past normal closing time or around/after midnight).

What is the difference between aand and nag?

Aand corresponds to evening (from sunset through early nightfall, roughly 6 pm–10 pm).
Nag is night (from bedtime/late evening through the early hours of the morning).

Where is the subject pronoun “he”? Why isn’t hy used in the sentence?

The noun Die winkelier already serves as the subject (“The shopkeeper”). You only use hy (“he”) if you replace the noun. For example:
Hy werk tot laat in die nag. (“He works until late at night.”)

Can you use an indefinite article here—like ’n winkelier werk tot laat in die nag?

Yes.

’n winkelier werk tot laat in die nag = “A shopkeeper works until late in the night.”
Die winkelier werk tot laat in die nag = “The shopkeeper works until late in the night.”