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### Exact Times with "um"

To say that something happens at a specific clock time, use the preposition **um**.

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### Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns allow you to talk about unspecified people or amounts. You will frequently use words like **etwas** (something) and **nichts** (nothing), or describe quantities using **alle** (all), **viele** (many), **einige** (some), and **mehrere** (several). 

These can act like adjectives before a noun or stand entirely on their own to replace a noun.

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### Parts of the Day: "am" vs. "in der"

To express that something happens during a specific part of the day, German uses two different prepositions depending on the noun's gender.

Most parts of the day are masculine. For these, use **am** (a contraction of the preposition *an* and the dative article *dem*). This applies to phrases like **am Nachmittag** (in the afternoon) and **am Abend** (in the evening).

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There is one major exception: the word for "night" (**die Nacht**) is feminine. Because of this, you must use the preposition **in** followed by the feminine dative article **der** (**in der Nacht**).

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Just like with seasons, starting a sentence with a time phrase pushes the verb into the second position, and the subject immediately follows the verb.

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Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
the invitation	die Einladung
to take place	stattfinden
The invitation is here, and the party is taking place at eight o'clock.	Die Einladung ist hier, und die Party findet um acht Uhr statt.
the afternoon	der Nachmittag
more, additional	noch
some / a few (several)	einige
the beverage / the drink	das Getränk
In the afternoon we are buying a few more drinks.	Am Nachmittag kaufen wir noch einige Getränke.
the evening	der Abend
the guest	der Gast
All the guests are arriving in the evening.	Am Abend kommen alle Gäste an.
the night	die Nacht
the atmosphere / the mood	die Stimmung
At night, the atmosphere is really great.	In der Nacht ist die Stimmung wirklich toll.
several	mehrere
Many people drink something, but several guests eat nothing.	Viele Leute trinken etwas, aber mehrere Gäste essen nichts.
We want to listen to music in the afternoon, but nobody is dancing.	Wir wollen am Nachmittag Musik hören, aber niemand tanzt.
The invitation is for all friends.	Die Einladung ist für alle Freunde.
At night, several people are bringing more drinks.	In der Nacht bringen mehrere Leute noch Getränke mit.
The concert takes place at ten o'clock and the atmosphere is perfect.	Das Konzert findet um zehn Uhr statt und die Stimmung ist perfekt.
At night, a guest sleeps on the sofa.	In der Nacht schläft ein Gast auf dem Sofa.
Some bring something for dinner, but many are not hungry.	Einige bringen etwas zum Abendessen mit, aber viele haben keinen Hunger.
In the evening we celebrate together, and many guests drink beer.	Am Abend feiern wir zusammen, und viele Gäste trinken Bier.