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### Expressing "each other" with einander

When a subject consisting of two or more people performs an action on each other, German uses the reciprocal pronoun **einander** (each other). Unlike other pronouns, **einander** never changes its form, regardless of case.

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### Combining prepositions with einander

In English, we use phrases like "with each other" or "from each other". In German, when you combine a preposition with **einander**, the two words fuse together into a single compound word.

For example, **mit** (with) + **einander** becomes **miteinander** (with each other). The same pattern applies to prepositions like **von** (from) and **für** (for).

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### Fixed prepositions and einander

Many German expressions require a specific fixed preposition. For instance, **Rücksicht nehmen auf** means "to be considerate of", and **sich freuen auf** means "to look forward to". 

When these actions are mutual, the preposition **auf** attaches directly to the front to form **aufeinander**.

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### Spatial relationships

You can also use this exact same pattern with spatial prepositions to describe where things are in relation to one another. For example, combining **neben** (next to) with **einander** gives you **nebeneinander**.

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Reciprocal pronouns (einander)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
to support	unterstützen
each other	einander
The neighbors support each other.	Die Nachbarn unterstützen einander.
the community	die Gemeinschaft
The people in the community know each other.	Die Leute in der Gemeinschaft kennen einander.
with each other	miteinander
They talk to each other instead of arguing.	Sie sprechen miteinander, anstatt zu streiten.
It is difficult to build a community without talking to each other.	Es ist schwierig, eine Gemeinschaft aufzubauen, ohne miteinander zu sprechen.
from each other	voneinander
They can learn a lot from each other.	Sie können viel voneinander lernen.
We hear nothing from each other.	Wir hören nichts voneinander.
for each other	füreinander
My parents have no time for each other today.	Meine Eltern haben heute keine Zeit füreinander.
The siblings helped each other.	Die Geschwister haben einander geholfen.
the consideration	die Rücksicht
to be considerate	Rücksicht nehmen
on each other	aufeinander
Good friends are considerate of each other.	Gute Freunde nehmen Rücksicht aufeinander.
We are looking forward to one another.	Wir freuen uns aufeinander.
next to each other	nebeneinander
The children sit next to each other in the garden.	Die Kinder sitzen nebeneinander im Garten.
They live next to each other and support each other.	Sie wohnen nebeneinander und unterstützen einander.
Consideration for each other is very important in the community.	Die Rücksicht aufeinander ist in der Gemeinschaft sehr wichtig.
the respect	der Respekt
He shows no respect for the community.	Er zeigt der Gemeinschaft keinen Respekt.
We have found each other.	Wir haben einander gefunden.
In the community, respect is important and we cook for each other.	In der Gemeinschaft ist der Respekt wichtig und wir kochen füreinander.
On the train you have to be considerate.	Im Zug muss man Rücksicht nehmen.

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