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### Pronominal Adverbs: "This" vs. "That"

While *da-compounds* (like *damit* or *dazu*) refer back to something already mentioned ("with that"), **hier-compounds** point to something immediately in front of you or about to be stated ("with **this**"). 

Just like da-compounds, they refer to inanimate objects, ideas, or statements—never people. To form them, simply combine **hier** with a preposition.

### Hiermit (with this / hereby)

Use **hiermit** (*hier* + *mit*) to say you are using a specific, present object ("with this").

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In formal contexts, *hiermit* often translates to "hereby" (by means of this document or action).

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### Hierzu (for this / to this)

Use **hierzu** (*hier* + *zu*) to express a purpose or requirement for a task at hand.

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### Hierdurch (through this / thereby)

Use **hierdurch** to describe how a process is achieved or the direct consequence of an action. It is highly useful in scientific and procedural descriptions.

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### Hieran (on this / of this)

Many verbs pair with the preposition **an**, such as *denken an* (to think of) or *forschen an* (to do research on). To refer to "this" with these verbs, use **hieran**. 

Unlike da-compounds, which need an extra "r" before vowels (*daran*), *hier* already ends in an "r" and connects directly to the vowel.

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Proximate pronominal adverbs (hiermit, hierzu)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
with this / hereby	hiermit
We hereby confirm the result.	Hiermit bestätigen wir das Ergebnis.
I am working with this, provided that the lab is free.	Ich arbeite hiermit, sofern das Labor frei ist.
for this / to this	hierzu
the microscope	das Mikroskop
We need the microscope for this.	Hierzu brauchen wir das Mikroskop.
the experiment (attempt, trial)	der Versuch
Whoever leads the experiment must write a report on this.	Wer den Versuch leitet, muss hierzu einen Bericht schreiben.
through this	hierdurch
Through this, the experiment succeeds.	Hierdurch gelingt der Versuch.
the substance	die Substanz
to heat	erhitzen
They had heated the substance and thereby recognized the danger.	Sie hatten die Substanz erhitzt und hierdurch die Gefahr erkannt.
on this / of this	hieran
We still need to do research on this.	Hieran müssen wir noch forschen.
the chemical	die Chemikalie
Whoever orders the chemical must also think of this.	Wer die Chemikalie bestellt, muss auch hieran denken.
the test tube	das Reagenzglas
The liquid in the test tube is toxic.	Die Flüssigkeit im Reagenzglas ist giftig.
He had cleaned the test tube.	Er hatte das Reagenzglas gereinigt.
Provided that the microscope works, we can recognize the detail.	Sofern das Mikroskop funktioniert, können wir das Detail erkennen.
Never mix this chemical with water!	Mischen Sie diese Chemikalie niemals mit Wasser!
That is a dangerous substance.	Das ist eine gefährliche Substanz.
By heating the chemical, we solve the problem.	Dadurch, dass wir die Chemikalie erhitzen, lösen wir das Problem.
to record (data, log)	aufzeichnen
Whoever does the experiment must record the data.	Wer das Experiment macht, muss die Daten aufzeichnen.
We had recorded every result.	Wir hatten jedes Ergebnis aufgezeichnet.
The experiment was extremely complicated.	Der Versuch war extrem kompliziert.
in it, therein	darin
The box is empty, there is nothing in it.	Die Kiste ist leer, es ist nichts darin.
The difference lies in the fact that she is faster.	Der Unterschied liegt darin, dass sie schneller ist.
what for, why	wozu
What do you need all that for?	Wozu brauchst du das alles?
What is that supposed to be good for?	Wozu soll das gut sein?
of what, from what	wovon
What are you actually talking about?	Wovon sprichst du eigentlich?
I do not know what the text is about.	Ich weiß nicht, wovon der Text handelt.

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