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### The Present Participle (Partizip I)

To describe an ongoing action, English uses the "-ing" form of a verb, like "the waving child" or "the glowing light." In German, this is called the present participle (*Partizip I*). 

Forming the present participle is simple: just add **-d** to the infinitive.

{{item:875420}}

For **leuchten** (to glow), the base present participle is **leuchtend** (glowing). 

### Using Participles as Adjectives

When you place a present participle in front of a noun, it acts as an attributive adjective. It takes standard adjective endings to match the noun's gender, number, and case. 

With a definite article, **leuchtend** gets an **-e** ending for a neuter accusative noun:

{{item:875422}}

Similarly, **winken** (to wave) becomes **winkend**, taking the **-e** ending for a neuter nominative noun:

{{item:875425}}

### Participles in Other Cases

Participles follow standard adjective declension. Without an article before a plural noun, the participle takes the strong ending **-e** in the nominative and accusative. 

{{item:875429}}

After a definite article in the dative case, the weak adjective ending is **-en**. 

{{item:875431}}

This also applies to dative plural nouns:

{{item:875434}}

Present participles as adjectives

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the amusement park	der Freizeitpark
to glow	leuchten
the Ferris wheel	das Riesenrad
We visit the amusement park and see the glowing Ferris wheel.	Wir besuchen den Freizeitpark und sehen das leuchtende Riesenrad.
to wave	winken
the carousel	das Karussell
The waving child is sitting on the carousel.	Das winkende Kind sitzt auf dem Karussell.
to scream	schreien
wild	wild
the roller coaster	die Achterbahn
Screaming people are riding the wild roller coaster.	Schreiende Leute fahren mit der wilden Achterbahn.
the cotton candy	die Zuckerwatte
The father is buying sweet cotton candy for the laughing girl.	Der Vater kauft dem lachenden Mädchen süße Zuckerwatte.
to flash	blinken
I am looking forward to the flashing lights in the amusement park.	Ich freue mich auf die blinkenden Lichter im Freizeitpark.
Is the fast carousel fun for the screaming children?	Macht das schnelle Karussell den schreienden Kindern Spaß?
We are eating cotton candy and looking at the glowing Ferris wheel.	Wir essen Zuckerwatte und schauen auf das leuchtende Riesenrad.
The wild roller coaster is nothing for crying children.	Die wilde Achterbahn ist nichts für weinende Kinder.
Flashing stars are hanging above the large tent.	Blinkende Sterne hängen über dem großen Zelt.
Waving parents are standing in front of the fast roller coaster.	Winkende Eltern stehen vor der schnellen Achterbahn.