Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Revealing Gender in the Nominative Case

When you use indefinite articles (**ein**), possessive articles (**mein**, **dein**, **unser**), or negative articles (**kein**) in the nominative case, the adjective endings follow a simple rule: if the article doesn't clearly show the noun's gender, the adjective must do it instead.

Here is how adjectives decline after these articles (often called "ein-words") in the nominative case:

| Gender | Article | Adjective Ending | Example |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Masculine | ein, mein, kein | -er | ein neu**er** Herd |
| Feminine | eine, meine, keine | -e | eine neu**e** Waschmaschine |
| Neuter | ein, mein, kein | -es | ein neu**es** Auto |

### Masculine Nouns (-er)

For masculine nouns in the nominative case, articles like **ein**, **mein**, and **dein** have no special ending. To show that the noun is masculine (a job normally done by *der*), the adjective takes the strong ending **-er**.

{{item:869264}}

{{item:869267}}

{{item:869273}}

### Feminine Nouns (-e)

Feminine articles like **eine**, **meine**, and **deine** already end in **-e**. Because the article clearly signals the feminine gender, the adjective simply takes the basic **-e** ending.

{{item:869278}}

{{item:869281}}

### Neuter Nouns (-es)

Just like with masculine nouns, neuter articles like **ein**, **mein**, and **kein** have no ending in the nominative case. To show that the noun is neuter (normally marked by *das*), the adjective takes the strong **-es** ending.

{{item:869283}}

{{item:869286}}

This same rule applies when using the negative article **kein**.

{{item:869285}}

Nominative adjectives after indefinite articles (-er, -e, -es)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the fridge	der Kühlschrank
economical	sparsam
A new fridge is often very economical.	Ein neuer Kühlschrank ist oft sehr sparsam.
My old fridge was broken.	Mein alter Kühlschrank war kaputt.
the oven	der Ofen
A good oven can bake the bread quickly.	Ein guter Ofen kann das Brot schnell backen.
the stove	der Herd
clean	sauber
My new stove is still clean.	Mein neuer Herd ist noch sauber.
the vacuum cleaner	der Staubsauger
A good vacuum cleaner helps a lot.	Ein guter Staubsauger hilft sehr.
Your old vacuum cleaner unfortunately does not work anymore.	Dein alter Staubsauger funktioniert leider nicht mehr.
dirty	schmutzig
A dirty oven is a big problem.	Ein schmutziger Ofen ist ein großes Problem.
Our old oven was very small.	Unser alter Ofen war sehr klein.
the washing machine	die Waschmaschine
A new washing machine is an economical appliance.	Eine neue Waschmaschine ist ein sparsames Gerät.
Your old washing machine was very loud.	Deine alte Waschmaschine war sehr laut.
the dishwasher	die Spülmaschine
My new dishwasher is very quiet.	Meine neue Spülmaschine ist sehr leise.
A good dishwasher saves time.	Eine gute Spülmaschine spart Zeit.
A clean appliance works better.	Ein sauberes Gerät funktioniert besser.
A small cellphone fits in the bag.	Ein kleines Handy passt in die Tasche.
No new car is cheap.	Kein neues Auto ist billig.
A fast car is often expensive.	Ein schnelles Auto ist oft teuer.
practical	praktisch
A practical stove is expensive.	Ein praktischer Herd ist teuer.
A dirty oven is not a practical oven.	Ein schmutziger Ofen ist kein praktischer Ofen.

Contributors