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### trennen, and the reflexive you already have

The course carded **sich trennen** (to split up) @L116. The bare verb is transitive and means to separate one thing from another — no relationship required.

| | | |
|---|---|---|
| **trennen** | to separate (something) | *Ein Fluss **trennt** die beiden Länder.* |
| **sich trennen** | to split up, to part | *Sie haben **sich** letztes Jahr **getrennt**.* |

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### verliebt is a participle, not a verb

**verliebt** is the past participle of *sich verlieben* used as an adjective, exactly the pattern from L196. It takes the preposition **in** with the ACCUSATIVE — motion-like, even though nobody moves.

> Er ist **in sie** verliebt.

### der Liebling

The suffix **-ling** (L455) makes a person-noun; **der Liebling** is the darling or the favourite, and as a first element in a compound it means *favourite*: *mein **Liebling**sbuch*.

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### einsam is not allein

**allein** is a fact about how many people are present; **einsam** is a feeling about it. A person can be *allein* and perfectly content, or *einsam* in a crowded room.

Love and falling out

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
to kiss	küssen
He kissed her on the cheek.	Er küsste sie auf die Wange.
The two of them are kissing at the station.	Die beiden küssen sich am Bahnhof.
in love	verliebt
He has been in love with her for weeks.	Er ist seit Wochen in sie verliebt.
The two of them were incredibly in love back then.	Die beiden waren damals unglaublich verliebt.
the darling, the favourite	der Liebling
This song is my favourite.	Dieses Lied ist mein Liebling.
She always calls her dog darling.	Sie nennt ihren Hund immer Liebling.
the sex (intercourse)	der Sex
Sex is hardly talked about in the family.	Über Sex wird in der Familie kaum gesprochen.
The article deals with love and sex in old age.	Der Artikel behandelt Liebe und Sex im Alter.
to separate (something)	trennen
A wide river separates the two countries.	Ein breiter Fluss trennt die beiden Länder.
You have to separate rubbish and paper.	Man muss Müll und Papier trennen.
lonely	einsam
In the new city he feels very lonely.	In der neuen Stadt fühlt er sich sehr einsam.
The old house lies lonely in the forest.	Das alte Haus liegt einsam im Wald.

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